地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2006, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3): 449-456.doi: 10.11821/yj2006030010

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

中水灌溉下重金属在土壤中的垂直迁移及其对地下水的污染风险

杨军1,2, 郑袁明1, 陈同斌1, 黄泽春1, 罗金发1, 刘洪禄3, 吴文勇3   

  1. 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心,北京100044;
    2. 北京市水利科学研究所 北京100101;
    3. 中国科学院研究生院,北京100049
  • 收稿日期:2005-12-09 修回日期:2006-03-30 出版日期:2006-06-15 发布日期:2006-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 陈同斌(1963-),研究员,博士生导师。E-mail:chentb@igsnrr.ac.cn E-mail:E-mail:chentb@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:杨军(1979-),男,河南信阳人,博士研究生。
  • 基金资助:

    国家杰出青年基金项目(40325003);北京市重大科技攻关项目(H030730040330)

Leaching of heavy metals in soil column under irrigation reclaimed water:a simulation experiment

YANG Jun1,2, ZHENG Yuan-ming1, CHEN Tong-bin1, HUANG Ze-chun1, LUO Jin-fa1, LIU Hong-lu3, WU Wen-yong3   

  1. 1. Center for Environmental Remediation,Institute of Geographic Sciences andNatural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;
    2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;
    3. Beijing Institute of Water Resource,Beijing 100044,China
  • Received:2005-12-09 Revised:2006-03-30 Online:2006-06-15 Published:2006-06-15

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摘要：

中水灌溉是解决水资源短缺的潜在途径,关于中水灌溉条件下土壤中重金属的迁移行为及其对浅层地下水的污染风险至今仍缺乏研究。本文通过土柱模拟试验,分析中水灌溉条件下重金属在土壤中的迁移趋势及其对浅层地下水的污染风险。试验用添加重金属（As、Cd、Cu、Pb浓度分别为2、0.2、20、20 mg.kg-1）的人工污水和中水以1年、3年的灌溉量进行土柱淋溶实验。结果表明,淋溶20天（1年的灌溉量）以及60天（3年的灌溉量）,灌溉水中的As、Cd、Cu和Pb主要在表层（010cm）累积。随着淋溶时间的延长,4种重金属（尤其是Cd）表现出向下迁移的趋势。但与地下水I级水质标准（GB/T14848-93）相比,淋滤液中4种重金属均未超标。因此,从本文的模拟试验来看,以北京市当前的中水进行灌溉,As、Cu、Pb对浅层地下水的污染风险不大。

关键词: 土柱, 中水, 重金属, 淋溶, 浅层地下水

Abstract:

Irrigation using reclaimed water would be the potentially effective approach to meet the large demand of agriculture. However,the environment risks of reclaimed-water irrigation still remain unknown.To obtain the knowledge of the impact on soil,crops and shallow groundwater,an investigation was undertaken in Tongzhou,Beijing.As one part of the research,soil column experiments（10 100 cm） were conducted to understand the heavy metal transport behaviors in soil profile under reclaimed water leaching condition and the concentrations of As,Cd,Cu,and Pb in the leachate.Soil columns were leached with artificial reclaimed water(As,2 mg kg-1;Cd,0.2 mg kg-1;Cu,20 mg kg-1;Pb,20 mg kg-1) and reclaimed water(As,0.83g kg-1;Cd,0.01g kg-1;Cu,1.73g kg-1;Pb,2.01g kg-1) in different water amount（4 L,12 L）.The results indicated that the maximum values of total As,Cd,Cu and Pb in the superficial horizons（0-20 cm） in soil columns are either artificial reclaimed water leaching or reclaimed water leaching.The trends of heavy metals downward movement were showed with the increase of leaching water amount and Cd demonstrated more mobile in soil columns than other heavy metals,while the mobility of As,Cu and Pb were weak.According to the leachate concentrations of As,Cd,Cu and Pb,which did not exceed the values of the Groundwater Quality Standards I,it could be concluded that irrigation with reclaimed water would not result in heavy metals（As,Cd,Cu and Pb） pollution on the shallow groundwater under reclaimed water leaching condition in this study,and As,Cu and Pb indicate a lower pollution risk to the shallow groundwater than Cd under long-term reclaimed water irrigation condition.

Key words: soil column, reclaimed water, heavy metal, leachate, shallow groundwater