地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2006, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (4): 649-658.doi: 10.11821/yj2006040011

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄河三角洲多尺度土壤盐分的空间分异

王红1, 宫鹏2, 刘高焕3   

  1. 1. 河海大学水资源环境学院,南京210098;
    2. 南京大学国际地球系统科学研究所,南京210093;
    3. 中国科学院资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101
  • 收稿日期:2005-11-15 修回日期:2006-04-24 出版日期:2006-08-15 发布日期:2006-08-15
  • 作者简介:王红(1968-),女,江苏南通人,博士,目前于新西兰奥克兰大学从事空间数据结构和土地利用/覆盖 变化的博士后工作。E-mail:wanghongnj@hotmail.com
  • 基金资助:

    中国科学院海外杰出人才基金(2001-1-13);国家自然科学基金项目(40371093)

Multi-scale spatial variations in soil salt in the Yellow River Delta

WANG Hong1, GONG Peng2, LIU Gao-huan3   

  1. 1. College of Water Resources &,Environment,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;
    2. International Institute for Earth System,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China;
    3. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China
  • Received:2005-11-15 Revised:2006-04-24 Online:2006-08-15 Published:2006-08-15

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143 | 33

摘要：

本文利用多尺度采样数据,探索了两个深度土壤盐分的空间分异,分析了不同尺度、深度土壤盐分的变异系数和空间相关性(结构方差与基台值之比)的变化,揭示了形成这种空间变异的地貌因素,最后利用普通克立格(ordinary kriging)方法对土壤盐分的分布进行了估测。分析发现,研究区土壤盐分的空间变异具有三个尺度。随着采样间隔的增加和区域的扩大,盐分分布空间相关性增强,且下层比上层具有更高的空间相关性。地貌因素(微地貌类型、坡度和高程)均具有较高的空间相关性,当与地貌因素关系密切时,该尺度及深度的土壤盐分空间相关性就大;反之,则小,这时可能主要受具有较小空间相关性其他因子的影响(如人为活动)。最后对合理的土壤采样提出了建议。

关键词: 土壤盐分, 地貌因素, 空间相关性, 多尺度, 普通克立格, 黄河三角洲

Abstract:

The Yellow River Delta（YRD） is rich in land resource which has a great potential of development.However,soil salinization is serious in the coastal salinized land which accounts for 63.6% of the region′s total land area.Soil salinization has become the main factors restricting the regional economic development.In order to utilize the salinized soil resources and realize the sustainable development of agriculture in the YRD,it is important to clarify the distribution of salinized soil and the reasons for the formation and development of salinization. Based on the multi-scale samples,this paper determined the spatial variation of soil salinity at two depths using both statistical and geostatistical methods,comparing the correlation coefficients between soil salinity and three geomorphic factors（e.g.micro-geomorphologic type,slope gradient and elevation）,and finally generating the distribution maps of soil salinity using ordinary kriging at multi-scales and two depths.The analysis revealed that there is higher soil salt content in the embanked former back swamps,salt marshes and tidal flats than in the contemporary flood plains,abandoned river channels and isolated depressions.The variations of soil salinity have three scales.At the small scale（sampling intervals are 0.040.2km）,the soil has a higher value of salinity in the north east and the south west.At medium scale（1km）,it is high in F1 in the north west,while in F2 it is higher in the east than in the west.At large scale（6km）,the distribution of soil salinity is characterized by a low value in the central part,where the Yellow River flows through,but it rises gradually toward north and southeast in the upper and lower layers.By analyzing the parameter of spatial dependence（the ratio of spatial variance and sill） of soil salinity in the multi-scales,we found the spatial structure of soil salinity became obvious with the increase of sampling intervals and expanded areas.The paper demonstrates that all geomorphic variables have comparatively high spatial dependence.The distribution of soil total salt shows a clear structure when it is significantly impacted by factors which have high spatial dependence;contrarily,soil salinity has small spatial dependence,then it may be influenced by other environmental variables which have weak structure（e.g.human activities）.Finally,reasonable soil sampling plan and research directions in the future were put forward.

Key words: soil salinity, geomorphic factors, spatial dependence, multi-scale, ordinary kriging, Yellow River Delta