关键词: 石油资源流动, 空间格局, 流场特征, 流动轨迹形态

Abstract:

With ′99 list of crude oil balancing in provinces and current trade and transport information of crude oil,this paper analyses the spatial structure of crude oil flow,the characteristic of its flow field and the form of its flow track in China. (1) Based upon a set of balance equations of crude oil,this paper analyses the characteristics of oil production,consumption and flow in 26 provinces in which the oil flow exists.And then with the concept of self-sufficiency,these 26 provinces are divided into 4 oil balancing types: basic self-sufficiency,half self-sufficiency,net payout and net supply. (2) After calculating the liquidity ratios,the 26 provinces are divided into tree flow function types: output center,input center and exchanging center.Based upon this,this paper concludes that crude oil demand exceeds supply on the whole. (3) The spatial structure of source-region system of crude oil flow appears like a right-angle triangle which is composed of Heilongjiang,Shandong and Xinjiang.The spatial structure of collection-region system of crude oil flow appears like an isosceles-trapezium which is composed of five centers of Jilin-Liaoning,Beijing-Hebei,Gansu,Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai delta and four provinces along the middle Yangtse River. (4) According to the potential value pattern of crude oil,this paper divides the oil-flowed space into four oil flow fields of the North,the Northwest,the East and the South.Among them,the North and the Northwest flow fields are national ones,and the East and the South are regional ones. (5) The huge flow of crude oil and large flow area,from five cluster regions of the Northeast,the North,the East,the Northwest and the South.In Northeast China,the density of the oil flow circuitry is quite high,and its track appears like a dendriform network with Tieling city as its major node.In North China,the track of oil flow appears like a monaxial-bintree with Beijing as its major node.In East China,the track of oil flow appears like a "Ⅲ-shaped" pattern with cities of Linyi,Puyang and Nanjing as its hinges.In South China,the track of oil flow appears like a "Y-shaped" pattern with Guangzhou and Zhanjiang cities as its dual centers. (6) The types of oil flow routes in China are diversiform,including petroleum pipelines,railways,internal navigation route,ocean shipping route and highways.The different types of flow routes are either parallelly connected or serally connected each other,bringing into full play the multi-flow-route benefits.

Key words: crude oil flow, spatial structure, characteristic of the flow field, flow track form