上海城市降雨径流污染时空分布与初始冲刷效应

doi:10.11821/yj2006060006

地理研究 ›› 2006, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (6): 994-1002.doi: 10.11821/yj2006060006

上海城市降雨径流污染时空分布与初始冲刷效应

常静¹, 刘敏¹, 许世远¹, 侯立军², 王和意¹

1. 华东师范大学资源与环境科学学院教育部地理信息科学重点实验室上海200062;
2. 华东师范大学河口海岸科学研究院,上海200062

收稿日期:2006-02-20 修回日期:2006-05-22 出版日期:2006-12-15 发布日期:2006-12-15
通讯作者: 刘敏(1964-),男,内蒙古自治区土左旗人,教授,博士,博士生导师。从事城市环境过程,环境地球化学与污染生态研究。E-mail:mliu@geo.ecnu.edu.cn
作者简介:常静(1980-),女,山西晋城人,博士研究生。主要从事城市多界面环境过程研究。 E-mail:cjing1221@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(40131020,49801018);教育部高等学校骨干教师资助计划项目;中国博士后基金资助项目(2005037135)

Temporal-spatial distribution and first flush effect of urban stormwater runoff pollution in Shanghai City

CHANG Jing¹, LIU Min¹, XU Shi-yuan¹, Hou Li-jun², Wang He-yi¹

1. College of Resources and Environment Science,Laboratory of Geographical Informationof the Ministry of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;
2. Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China

Received:2006-02-20 Revised:2006-05-22 Online:2006-12-15 Published:2006-12-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选取上海市中心城区典型功能区监测降雨事件,研究降雨径流污染时空变化及初始冲刷效应。研究表明,上海中心城区路面径流主要污染物为TSS和CODCr,超出国家地表水Ⅴ类标准四倍多;总磷超出Ⅴ类水质标准两倍以上,氮素营养盐也有不同程度的污染。污染物含量在不同功能区之间显示出相似的分布趋势,交通区明显高于其他区域,其次为商业区和工业区,居民区情况较为良好。降雨强度是影响初始冲刷效应的主要因素,强度较大的降雨冲刷效应较为明显;不同功能区之间,商业区初始冲刷效应较强,其次为居民区和工业区,交通区冲刷强度较弱;TSS和CODCr在商业区和工业区冲刷强度要大于氮磷污染物质;而在交通区和居民区分异特征不明显。

关键词: 降雨径流污染, 时空分布, 初始冲刷效应, 上海中心城区

Abstract:

Increased stormwater flow and the companying runoff pollution are a direct result of urbanization and the consequent increase in the proportion of land area under impervious surface.Runoff from urban areas is often presumed to be a significant contributor to nonpoint source（NPS） water pollution and has been identified as one of the major causes of the deterioration of the quality of receiving waters.The objectives of this study were to investigate the characteristics of pollutants in storm events,and the relationships between pollutant load and flow-runoff patterns,and to analyze EMCs loadings of pollutants,and then reveal "First Flush Effect" of road runoff in different functions in Shanghai City. Stormwater quality and quantity were investigated in urbanized catchments in the central Shanghai city in order to characterize temporal-spatial distribution and First Flush Effect of stormwater runoff pollution.Sampling locations selected can be grouped into four sites with different land use categories（traffic,industrial,commercial and residential areas）.Results of the sampling program indicate that concentrations of total suspended solids,TP,chemical oxygen demand(COD_Cr),ammonia(NH₃-N),nitrate(NO^-₃-N) and NO^-₂-N present in the runoff from these areas. The result indicates that the concentration of contaminants decreases with the increasing of flow time.And the pollutions variations in traffic area are more complex.Event mean concentrations（EMC） is defined as the total pollution load divided by total runeff volume.The results indicated that the main contaminants of road runoff are TSS and COD_Cr.The highest EMCs are found in traffic area,then industrial and commercial areas.Residential areas have the lowest pollution level.The relative magnitude of EMC in June is higher than in March rainfall event,especially for the constituents of TSS and COD_Cr. The first flush phenomenon may be defined as the initial period of stormwater runoff during which the concentration of pollutants is substantially higher than during later stages.The result indicates that the magnitude of the first flush phenomenon was found to be greater for high intensity rainfall events（June 2004） and less for low-intensity ones（March 2004）,and also greater for some pollutants（e.g.suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand） and less for others.Accordingly,the magnitude of the first flush phenomenon is characterized in the order of commercial areas > residential watershed > industrial watershed > traffic areas.

Key words: urban stormwater runoff pollution, temporal-spatial distribution, First Flush Effect, central Shanghai City

常静, 刘敏, 许世远, 侯立军, 王和意, Ballo Siaka. 上海城市降雨径流污染时空分布与初始冲刷效应[J]. 地理研究, 2006, 25(6): 994-1002.

CHANG Jing,LIU Min,XU Shi-yuan,Hou Li-jun,Wang He-yi,Ballo Siaka. Temporal-spatial distribution and first flush effect of urban stormwater runoff pollution in Shanghai City[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2006, 25(6): 994-1002.

参考文献

[1] 许世远上海城市自然地理图集.北京:中国地图出版社,2004

[2] Brezonik Pat rick L,S tadel man n T eresa H A nalys is and predict ive models of st ormw at er run off volumes,l oads,and pollut ant concen t rat ions f rom w atersh eds in t he T w in Cit ies met ropolit an area,M innesot a,U S A W at er R es earch,2002,36:1743~1757

[3] Am ir Taebi,R onald L,e t al Poll ut ion loads in urban r unoff and s anit ary w ast ew at er Science of t h e T ot al Environment,2004,327:175~184

[4] 邢可霞,郭怀成,等流域非点源污染模拟研究.以滇池流域为例地理研究,2005,24(4):549~558

[5] S ans al on e J J,e t al Physi cal charact eri st ics of u rban roadway solids trans port ed du ring rain event s J Environ.E ng.,1998,124:427~440

[6] L ee J H,Bang K i W oong C haract erization of urban st ormw at er run of f Wat er R esource,2000,34(6):1773~1780

[7] D el et ic A,M ak sumovic C T Evalu at ion of w at er qualit y f actors in s torm runof f from paved areas J En vi ron Eng.,1998,124:869~879

[8] G eiger W Flush ing eff ect s in com bined sew er syst ems U rban S t orm D rain age,Lausanne,Sw it zerland,1987,4:40~46

[9] Gu pta K,S au l A J Specif ic relat ionshi ps f or t he f irst f lus h load in combin ed s ew er fl ows Wat er Resource,1996,30:1244~1252

[10] S ans al on e J J,Buchb erger S G Part it ioning and firs t f lus h of m et al s in u rban roadw ay st orm w at er J EnvironE ng,1997,123(2):134~143

[11] L ee J H,Bang K W,K etchum L H e t al Firs t f lu sh analysis of urb an st orm run of f Th e Science of t he Tot al Environm ent,2002,293:163~175

[12] 刘忠翰,贺彬,等滇池不同流域类型降雨径流对河流氮磷入湖总量的影响地理研究,2004,23(5):593~604

[13] 王和意,刘敏,等.城市降雨屋面径流污染分析和管理控制长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(3):367~37.

[14] 蒋海燕,刘敏,顾琦,等.上海城市降水径流营养盐氮负荷及空间分布.城市环境与城市生态,2002,15(1):15~17

[15] 顾琦,刘敏,蒋海燕,等.上海市区降水径流磷的负荷空间分布.上海环境科学,2002,21(4):213~215

[16] 王和意,刘敏,等.城市降雨径流非点源污染分析与研究进展.城市环境与城市生态,2003,16(6):283~285

[17] 汪慧贞,李宪法.北京城区雨水径流的污染及控制.城市环境与城市生态,2002,15(2):16~18

[18] 张亚东,车伍,等.北京城区道路雨水径流污染指标相关性分析.城市环境与城市生态,2003,16(6):182~184

[19] 卓慕宁,吴志峰,等.珠海城区降雨径流污染特征初步研究.土壤学报,2003,40(5):775~778

[20] 何庆慈,李立.武汉市汉阳区的暴雨径流污染特征.中国给水排水,2005,21(2):101~103

[21] 沈桂芬,张敬东.武汉降雨径流水质特性及主要影响因素分析.水资源保护,2005,21(2):57~7.

[22] 李怀恩.估算非点源污染负荷的平均浓度法及其应用.环境科学学报,2000,20(4):397~400

[23] 岑国平,沈晋.城市暴雨径流计算模型的建立和检验.西安理工大学学报,1996,12(3):184~190

[24] 张伟,周永潮.城市雨水径流污染负荷计算及评价模型.湖南城市学院学报(自然科学版),2005,14(1):27~29

[25] 曾晓岚,张智,等.城市雨水口地面暴雨径流模型研究.重庆建筑大学学报,2004,26(6):78~85

[26] 顾圣华.上海地区水文特性探讨.上海水务,2003,19(4):38~40

[27] 国家环保局.水和废水监测分析方法.第3版北京:中国环境科学出版社,.989

上海城市降雨径流污染时空分布与初始冲刷效应

Temporal-spatial distribution and first flush effect of urban stormwater runoff pollution in Shanghai City

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	李浩, 张明鑫, 汪冉. 区域地理环境因素对宁夏泾源县儿童呼吸系统疾病的影响[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(12): 2889-2898.
[2]	齐梦溪, 鲁晗, 曹诗颂, 王文娟, 邵静, 赵文吉. 基于引力模型的经济空间结构时空演变分析——以河南省为例[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(5): 883-897.
[3]	阿迪来·乌甫, 玉素甫江·如素力, 热伊莱·卡得尔, 姜红. 基于MODIS数据的新疆地表蒸散量时空分布及变化趋势分析[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(7): 1245-1256.
[4]	李钢, 王会娟, 谭然, 付莹. 中国拐卖儿童犯罪的时空特征与形成机制——基于“成功案例”的管窥[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(12): 2505-2520.
[5]	舒时光, 邓辉, 吴承忠. 明后期延绥镇长城沿线屯垦的时空分布特征[J]. 地理研究, 2016, 35(4): 790-802.
[6]	邓辉, 王洪波. 1368-1911年苏沪浙地区风暴潮分布的时空特征[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(12): 2343-2354.
[7]	徐敏, 阙维民. 历史时期中国沿海区域窑业经济发展的时空特点——以窑业遗产为视角[J]. 地理研究, 2014, 33(4): 735-750.
[8]	李亚娟, 陈田, 王婧, 汪德根. 中国历史文化名村的时空分布特征及成因[J]. 地理研究, 2013, 32(8): 1477-1485.
[9]	吴桂平, 刘元波, 赵晓松, 叶春. 基于MOD16产品的鄱阳湖流域地表蒸散量时空分布特征[J]. 地理研究, 2013, 32(4): 617-627.
[10]	马强, 杨霄. 明清时期嘉陵江流域水旱灾害时空分布特征[J]. 地理研究, 2013, 32(2): 257-265.
[11]	张剑明, 廖玉芳, 段丽洁, 曾向红. 湖南近50年极端连续降水的气候变化趋势[J]. 地理研究, 2012, 31(6): 1004-1015.
[12]	赵文慧, 赵文吉, 宫辉力, 宫兆宁. 北京市采暖期可吸入颗粒物时空分布特征及源追踪[J]. 地理研究, 2012, 31(3): 417-428.
[13]	戴湘毅, 阙维民. 中国矿业遗产的时空分布特征及原因分析--基于文物保护单位视角[J]. 地理研究, 2011, 30(4): 747-757.
[14]	闫峰,王艳姣,吴波. 近50年河北省干旱时空分布特征[J]. 地理研究, 2010, 29(3): 423-430.
[15]	骆培聪. 中国大陆入境台胞游客时空分布格局及其变化[J]. 地理研究, 2010, 29(2): 291-302.