关键词: 旅游劳工, 转移模式, 转移评价, 转移动机, 比较研究

Abstract:

Domestic scholars pay little attention to tourism labor's inter-industry mobility all the time.Tourism employment has so many positive characteristics such as low threshold,variety,more self-control and easily forming small business that attracts a large number of local and nonlocal labors into tourism industry along with rapid growth of tourism destination economies,and consequently induces human capital mobility in sectors and regions.This article takes Jiuhua mountain as a case study and uses partial contexts as reference from the questionnaires applied to the studies of Hungary and Somerset and Coventry in the United Kingdom.Through comparative study,it analyzes tourism labor's mobility pattern,self-evaluation of mobility impacts,and mobility motivations driven by employment characteristics.The study finds that labor comes from an unusually wide range of industries,and mobility pattern has close relations with regional economic surroundings,labor market's structure,job status and income.The most positive impact of mobility was reported on the job satisfaction variables,and labor preferred to surrender long Working Hours and surplus-education in return for an improved standard of living,a better Physical Environment,and a favorable job.The rankings and subsequent factor analysis of thirty motivation variables confirms the existence of five hypothesized orientations,and "Instrumental utility" and "Positive" appears to be the main motivational orientation of tourism labors.Although social and economic surroundings are very different among Jiuhua mountain,Hungary and Somerset and Coventry in the United Kingdom,the comparison of the findings in the three regions reveals so many common features that it proves some general characteristics of tourism employment and is worthy of further research.

Key words: tourism labor, mobility pattern, mobility self-evaluation, mobility motivation, comparison study