论DEM地形分析中的尺度问题

doi:10.11821/yj2007030002

地理研究 ›› 2007, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 433-442.doi: 10.11821/yj2007030002

论DEM地形分析中的尺度问题

刘学军, 卢华兴, 仁政, 任志峰

南京师范大学虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室, 南京 210046

收稿日期:2006-07-23 修回日期:2007-01-11 出版日期:2007-05-25 发布日期:2007-05-25
作者简介:刘学军(1965-),男,博士,教授,博士生导师。主要研究方向:DEM及其地形分析,空间分析,空间数据不确定性等。E-mail :liuxuejun@njnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金:DEM地形分析尺度效应与机理(40571120)

Scale issues in digital terrain analysis and terrain modeling

LIU Xue-jun, LU Hua-xing, REN Zheng, REN Zhi-feng

Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment,Nanjing Normal University,Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210046, China

Received:2006-07-23 Revised:2007-01-11 Online:2007-05-25 Published:2007-05-25
Supported by:
国家自然科学基金:DEM地形分析尺度效应与机理(40571120)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： DEM及其地形分析具有强烈的尺度依赖特征。本文以黄高原地区的研究为例,结合地学建模和地学模拟的需求,重点讨论DEM地形分析中的尺度问题。文中从DEM建立与应用出发,首先建立了DEM地形分析中的尺度概念体系,剖析了各类尺度之间的关系,其次讨论了尺度所引起的各种地形分析效应问题,最后探讨了DEM地形分析中的尺度转换类型和方法。

关键词: DEM, 数字地形分析, 尺度, 尺度效应, 尺度反演

Abstract: Digital elevation model (DEM) and terrain analysis based on DEM is scale-dependant. With the view of geoscience analysis and modeling, the paper mainly discusses scale and scale effect of terrain analysis based on grid DEM. Firstly, the paper outlines five common uses of the term "scale" within DEM and terrain analysis which are geographical scale, sampling scale, DEM structure scale, analysis scale and cartographic scale. The geographical scale means the spatial extent of the DEM or the area of coverage; the sampling scale refers to sampling intervals in DEM data collection; the DEM structure scale refers to the resolution of DEM which includes DEM horizontal resolution and vertical resolution; the analysis scale refers to the analysis extent of local windows including window size and threshold value; and the cartographic scale which is used for map reflects the ration between the measurements on a map and the actual measurement on the ground. Secondly, the paper's focus is put on the scale effect of terrain analysis based on DEM. In this section, the uncertainty of DEM and terrain analysis caused by the above scales is classified into single scale effect, cross scale effect and boundary effect. One area of terrain analysis that has been largely ignored is the effect of variability of terrain within the bounds of single grid cell that is referred to the heterogeneity effect of DEM grid size in the paper.We pointed out those and discussed the effect on terrain analysis. At the end of this section, the scale threshold which can be used to indicate the effective extend of terrain attributes is discussed. It is known that the existing DEM with fixed resolution does not always meet the requirement of application. This means that one can deduct more scale terrain models from a fixed resolution DEM. In fact, scaling model can realize the terrain information allocation and aggregation in terrain analysis based on DEM. In this paper, three scaling models including scale deduce model, scale inversion model and multi-scale terrain analysis model are discussed.

Key words: DEM, digital terrain analysis, scale, scale effect, scale inversion

刘学军, 卢华兴, 仁政, 任志峰. 论DEM地形分析中的尺度问题[J]. 地理研究, 2007, 26(3): 433-442.

LIU Xue-jun, LU Hua-xing, REN Zheng, REN Zhi-feng. Scale issues in digital terrain analysis and terrain modeling[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2007, 26(3): 433-442.

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论DEM地形分析中的尺度问题

Scale issues in digital terrain analysis and terrain modeling

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