地理研究 ›› 2008, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 603-612.doi: 10.11821/yj2008030014

• 气候与全球变化 • 上一篇    下一篇

江淮地区气温变化对一季中稻产量和产量构成的影响

马晓群1, 许 莹1, 赵海燕2   

  1. 1. 安徽省气象科学研究所、安徽省大气科学与卫星遥感重点实验室,合肥 230031;
    2. 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所、农业部农业环境与气候变化重点开放实验室,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2007-09-22 修回日期:2008-03-14 出版日期:2008-05-25 发布日期:2008-05-25
  • 作者简介:马晓群(1954-),安徽省芜湖市人,高级工程师。主要研究方向为农业气象灾害和气候变化对农业的影响。Tel:0551-2290316
  • 基金资助:

    国家"十五"科技攻关计划课题(2004BA611B-02)、国家科技支撑计划课题 (2006BAD04B04)资助 。

Impacts of maximum or minimum temperature on yield and yield components of single-season Indica rice in Yangtze-Huaihe area

MA Xiao-qun1, XU Ying1, ZHAO Hai-yan2   

  1. 1. Anhui Institute of Meteorological Science, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China|
    2. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Climate Change, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081,China
  • Received:2007-09-22 Revised:2008-03-14 Online:2008-05-25 Published:2008-05-25
  • Supported by:

    国家"十五"科技攻关计划课题(2004BA611B-02)、国家科技支撑计划课题 (2006BAD04B04)资助 。

摘要:

在气候变暖背景下,最高和最低气温不同的变化特征会对水稻产量和产量构成产生明显影响。根据江淮地区代表性站点近50年来一季中稻产量形成阶段最高和最低气温的统计分析表明,1991年以来,最低气温升温速率大于最高气温,日较差减小,极端高温事件强度、频率有所增强。利用安徽省农科院2000~2004年中稻分期播种试验水稻产量和产量构成数据与产量形成阶段的最高与最低气温不同步长滑动平均值进行动态相关统计分析。结果表明,气温对水稻产量构成和产量在始穗前和始穗后各有一个负影响时段,其影响程度始穗前大于始穗后;对结实率影响最大,其次是千粒重,再次是产量;最低气温的影响大于最高气温。随着滑动步长的增加,最高气温负影响程度的增大主要体现在抽穗前,最低气温则贯穿于整个产量形成过程中。

关键词: 气候变暖, 最高温度, 最低温度, 一季中稻, 产量, 产量构成

Abstract:

Under the background of climate warming, characteristics of maximum and minimum temperature variation may markedly affect yield and yield components of rice. Maximum or minimum temperatures in the stage of yield formation during recent 50 years in the Yangtze-Huaihe area were analyzed. The result showed that the temperature-rising rate of minimum temperature has been higher than that of maximum temperature, with a decreasing diurnal temperature range (DTR), and an increasing intensity and frequency of extremely hot weather since 1991. The dynamic analysis of daily maximum or minimum temperature in different step-lengths with rice yield and yield components were made, using experimental data of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences during 2000~2004. The result indicates that there are two negative effect stages of temperature on rice and rice yield before tasseling and after tasseling. And the temperature effect is most obvious on seed-setting rate, secondly on 1000-grain weight and thirdly on yield. The effect of minimum temperature on rice is greater than that of maximum temperature. With the increase of moving step-length in temperature, the increase of negative effect on maximum temperature occurs before tasseling, while the negative impacts of minimum temperature appear throughout yield formation process.

Key words: climate warming, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, single-season Indica rice, yield, yield components