转型时期广州城市户籍人口新贫困的地域类型和分异机制

doi:10.11821/yj2008030020

地理研究 ›› 2008, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 672-682.doi: 10.11821/yj2008030020

转型时期广州城市户籍人口新贫困的地域类型和分异机制

袁媛, 许学强, 薛德升

中山大学城市与区域规划系城市与区域研究中心,广州 510275

收稿日期:2007-06-25 修回日期:2007-12-08 出版日期:2008-05-25 发布日期:2008-05-25
作者简介:袁媛(1976-),女,浙江绍兴人,博士,讲师,硕士生导师。主要从事城市地理研究、城市规划与设计。E-mail:yyuanah@163.com,yuanyuan@mail.sysu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(40701049 ,40701039);中山大学青年教师科研启动基金 (37210-1131009 )

Spatial types and differentiation mechanism of new urban poverty of Guangzhou city in transitional China

YUAN Yuan, XU Xue-qiang, XUE De-sheng

Department of Urban and Regional Planning Center for Urban and Regional Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China

Received:2007-06-25 Revised:2007-12-08 Online:2008-05-25 Published:2008-05-25
Supported by:
国家自然科学基金(40701049 ,40701039);中山大学青年教师科研启动基金 (37210-1131009 )

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文把新城市贫困度量指标从经济领域拓展到社会文化等领域,利用广州市2005年最低保障统计和五普数据,采用因子分析法计算街道层面贫困主因子和综合贫困得分,并对得分大于全市平均水平的街道进行聚类,划分出"外围工人相对集中的贫困区、邻近核心就业不理想的贫困区和内城核心住房设施匮乏的贫困区"三种类型。结合三类代表社区的问卷访谈、综合调研和社区发展分析,发现计划和转型两个时期,体制和市场的双重因素共同作用,深刻改变或影响了社区的物质和社会特征,最终导致贫困地域产生明显的特征分异。

关键词: 新城市贫困, 地域类型, 分异机制, 转型时期, 广州

Abstract:

With accelerated reform of state-and-collective-owned enterprises since the mid-1990s, urban poverty has attracted great attention of the Chinese academics, but there have been few studies on spatial measurement of mutiple poverty and quantitative analysis of spatial types of urban poverty areas. On the brief review of the studies and indexes of mutiple deprivation in western counties, this paper firstly highlights the expansion of measurement indexes of urban poverty from economic facet to mutiple facets including housing, education and household characteristics etc. Taking Guangzhou as a case, using the MLSP (Mninimum Living Standard Programme) recipients data and fifth census data, the paper summarizes five key factors of mutiple poverty and calculates the comprehensive scores on the level of sub-districts by the method of factor analysis. On the basis of spatial mesurement, the paper classifies 42 sub-districts which have higher scores than the average score into three types by the method of cluster analysis. Three types of urban poverty areas are identified: outer concentrated workers' area, outer concerntrated unemployment area of inner city, and dilaidated core with poor facilities of inner city. Then the authors did questionnaire and comprehensive investigation in three typical commnunities representing three types of poverty areas. The statistics further proved the analytic outcome on sub-districts level. Concerning mechanism of differentiation of three types of new urban poverty areas, it is the outcome of institutional and market factors in planned and transitional period. Though market-oriented factors affect the discrepency, the paper argues the institutional factors are most important. The socialist housing provision system and the construction policy in planned economy is the basis of difference of three types. The housing reform policy and the regeneration of community are the institutional factors in transitional period. The location of different communities and the selected gentrification also influence the differentiation of physical and social characteristics of poverty areas.

Key words: new urban poverty, spatial types, differentiation mechanism, transitional period, Guangzhou

袁媛, 许学强, 薛德升. 转型时期广州城市户籍人口新贫困的地域类型和分异机制[J]. 地理研究, 2008, 27(3): 672-682.

YUAN Yuan, XU Xue-qiang, XUE De-sheng. Spatial types and differentiation mechanism of new urban poverty of Guangzhou city in transitional China[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2008, 27(3): 672-682.

参考文献

[1] Marcuse P R, Van Kempen. Of States and Cities: The Partitioning of Urban Space. Oxford: Oxford University Press,2002.

[2] Mingione E. The new urban poverty and the underclass: Introduction. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 1993, 17: 324~326.

[3] Townsend P. Deprivation. Journal of Social Policy, 1987, 16:125~146.

[4] Pacione M. Quality of life-research in urban Geography. Urban Geography, 2003, 24(3): 314~339.

[5] Knox P L, Pinch S. Urban Social Geography: An Introduction (Fourth Edition).Pearson Education Limited,2000.

[6] Noble M, Wright G, Smith George, et al. Measuring multiple deprivation at the small-area level . Environment and Planning A, 2006, 38: 169~185.

[7] Kearns A, Gibb Kenneth,Mackay Daniel. Area deprivation in Scotland: A new assessment.Urban Studies, 2000, 37:1535~1559.

[8] Pacione M. Urban Geography:A Global Perspective. Routledge, 2001.

[9] Langlois A, Kitchen P. Identifying and measuring dimensions of urban deprivation in Montreal: An analysis of the 1996 census data. Urban Studies, 2001, 38(1):119~139.

[10] Broadway M J, Jesty G. Are Canadian inner cities becoming more dissimilar? An analysis of urban deprivation indicators. Urban Studies, 1998, 35(9):1423~1438.

[11] Noble M, et al. The provincial indices of multiple deprivation for South Africa 2001.http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/html/C2001Deprivation.asp.

[12] Fahmy E, Gordon D. Mapping deprivation in the south west, 2002.http://www.bris.ac.uk/poverty/Regional%20poverty_files/swpho/SWPHO.pdf.

[13] Haller B. Deprivation and poverty, a comparative analysis of Sweden and Great Britain. Acta Sociologica,1996,39:141~169.

[14] 袁媛,薛德升,许学强.转型时期我国城市贫困研究述评.人文地理,2006,21(1): 93~99.

[15] 马清裕,陈田,牛亚菲,等.北京城市贫困人口特征、成因及其解困对策.地理研究,1999,18(4):400~406.

[16] 陈果,顾朝林,吴缚龙.南京城市贫困空间调查与分析.地理科学,2004,24(05):542~548.

[17] 吕露光.城市居住空间分异及贫困人口分布状况研究——以合肥市为例.城市规划,2004,28(6):74~77.

[18] Wu F. Urban poverty and marginalization under market transition: The case of Chinese cities. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2004, 28(2): 401~423.

[19] 袁媛,薛德升,许学强. 转型时期广州大都市区户籍贫困人口特征和空间分布. 热带地理,2006,26(3):248~253.

[20] 刘玉亭.转型期中国城市贫困的社会空间.北京:科学出版社,2005.

[21] Wang Y P. Urban poverty, housing and social change in China. Routledge, 2004. Yuting Liu, Wu F. Urban poverty neighborhoods: Typology and spatial concentration under China’s market transition, a case study of Nanjing.Geoforum, 2006, 37:610~626.

[23] 刘玉亭,吴缚龙,何深静,等. 转型期城市低收入邻里的类型特征和产生机制:以南京市为例. 地理研究,2006,25(6):1073~1082.

[24] 张高攀.城市"贫困聚居"现象分析及其对策探讨——以北京市为例.城市规划,2006,30(1):40~46.

[25] 许学强,胡华颖.广州市社会空间结构的因子生态分析.地理学报,1989,44(4):385~399.

[26] 郑静,许学强.广州市社会空间的因子生态再分析.地理研究,1995,14(2):15~26.

[27] 顾朝林,王法辉,刘贵利. 北京城市社会区分析. 地理学报,2003,58(6):917~926.

[28] 冯健,周一星.北京都市区社会空间结构及其演化(1982-2000).地理研究,2003,22(4): 465~483.

[29] 李志刚,吴缚龙. 转型期上海社会空间分异研究. 地理学报, 2006,61(2):199~211.

[30] 周春山,刘洋,朱红. 转型时期广州市社会区分析. 地理学报, 2006,61(10):1046~1056.

转型时期广州城市户籍人口新贫困的地域类型和分异机制

Spatial types and differentiation mechanism of new urban poverty of Guangzhou city in transitional China

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	刘星南, 吴志峰, 骆仁波, 吴艳艳. 基于多源数据和深度学习的城市边缘区判定[J]. 地理研究, 2020, 39(2): 243-256.
[2]	马凌,张媛媛,朱竑,陈晓亮. 城市行政区划调整背景下城郊居民地方认同的重构与机制研究——以广州番禺小龙村为例[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(8): 2044-2057.
[3]	周扬, 郭远智, 刘彦随. 中国乡村地域类型及分区发展途径[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(3): 467-481.
[4]	高枫, 李少英, 吴志峰, 吕帝江, 黄冠平, 刘小平. 广州市主城区共享单车骑行目的地时空特征与影响因素[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(12): 2859-2872.
[5]	罗秋菊, 丁绍莲, 潘珂. 外来饮食文化影响下广州本地居民地方身份建构过程的代际差异[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(9): 1762-1774.
[6]	张国俊, 王珏晗, 庄大昌. 广州市产业生态化时空演变特征及驱动因素[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(6): 1070-1086.
[7]	陈慧灵, 曹小曙, 梁斐雯, 古恒宇. 跨界道路交通对同城化地区时空联系影响研究：广佛案例[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(3): 551-563.
[8]	张济婷, 周素红. 转型期广州市居民职住模式的群体差异及其影响因素[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(3): 564-576.
[9]	杨振山, 王玉璇. 开发区流动人口生计资本测量及生计空间特征分析——以广州南沙新区为例[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(11): 2153-2164.
[10]	周春山, 童新梅, 王珏晗, 赖舒琳. 2000-2010年广州市人口老龄化空间分异及形成机制[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(1): 103-118.
[11]	王立, 薛德升. 解绑—嵌入：广州天河北全球化空间的跨国生产[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(1): 81-91.
[12]	伍灵晶, 仝德, 李贵才. 地方政府驱动下的城市建成空间特征差异——以广州、东莞为例[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(6): 1029-1041.
[13]	何嘉明, 周素红, 谢雪梅. 女性主义地理学视角下的广州女性居民日常出行目的及影响因素[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(6): 1053-1064.
[14]	文雅, 龚建周, 胡银根, 胡志仁. 基于生态安全导向的城市空间扩展模拟与分析[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(3): 518-528.
[15]	王洋, 金利霞, 张虹鸥, 吴康敏, 王长建, 黄耿志. 社会空间视角下广州居住地犯罪风险的格局与模式[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(12): 2465-2478.