长江干流日径流序列的多重分形特征

doi:10.11821/yj2008040010

地理研究 ›› 2008, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 819-828.doi: 10.11821/yj2008040010

长江干流日径流序列的多重分形特征

陈莹, 许有鹏, 尹义星, 刘星才

南京大学地理与海洋学院,南京 210093

收稿日期:2007-06-25 修回日期:2008-02-15 出版日期:2008-07-25 发布日期:2008-07-25
作者简介:陈莹(1982-)|女,福建南平人,博士。主要从事水资源与水环境研究。E-mail:chenying_nju@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(405710257)

Multifractal characteristics of daily discharge series in the Yangtze River

CHEN Ying, XU You-peng, YIN Yi-xing, LIU Xing-cai

School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China

Received:2007-06-25 Revised:2008-02-15 Online:2008-07-25 Published:2008-07-25
Supported by:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(405710257)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于长江干流寸滩、宜昌和大通三个主要控制水文站多年的日径流资料,运用多重分形消除趋势波动分析 (MF-DFA)等方法,识别长江流域不同空间尺度上径流序列的多重分形特征,并采用推广的乘积阶次模型,对多重分形谱进行拟合。结果表明: (1)长江干流的日径流序列具有自相似的多重分形特征,该多重分形特征是由序列内在的长程相关性引起的;(2)长江干流日径流序列的多重分形谱可用推广的乘积阶次模型进行描述,模型拟合的参数a、b可作为该水文站点的特征参数,能够对降雨径流模型有效地进行检测;(3)长江干流日径流变化的复杂程度具有空间差异性。下游大通水文站径流序列的奇异性大于上游两站点,其径流变化过程更为复杂,而上游两站奇异性相差不大。造成三个站点径流过程变化复杂程度差异的主要原因,包括集水面积、来水组成、降水特点和下垫面状况等。

关键词: 径流, 多重分形, 消除趋势波动分析, 长江

Abstract:

The hydrologic process is a very complicated nonlinear system, of which runoff is a very significant component.Single parameter is difficult to characterize the change in the daily runoff time series completely, while the multifractality method with singular spectrum analysis enables us to get more information about the nonlinear behavior of runoff. Based on long-term daily runoff records of Cuntan, Yichang and Datong stations, this article has studied the multifractal temporal scaling properties of the Yangtze River, and fitted the multifractal spectrum by the modified version of the multiplicative cascade model.The results revealed that (1) The discharge series of the Yangtze River is a similar multifractal, and the mulfiractality is caused by the long-term persistence.The long-term persistence of daily runoff may be related to the interactions between precipitation and underlying surface over various ranges of space-time scales. (2) The fits based on universal multifractal model describe well the scaling behavior of positive as well as negative moments in the 3 daily runoff records . The two parameters a and b obtained from the model can be used to calculate the width Δα of singularity spectrum, and the values of a, b and Δα can be regarded as 'fingerprints’ for each station, which can be served as an efficient test for the state-of-the-art precipitation-runoff models. (3) The comparison of the width Δα of singularity spectrum among these three stations revealed that there are spatial differences in the complexity of the daily runoff change on the Yangtze River. The complexity of runoff records on Datong is larger than those of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, while there is no significant difference between Cuntan and Yichang. The factors contributed to the complexity include the drainage area, constitution of water quantity, the characteristics of precipitation and underlying sufrace, and so on.

Key words: runoff, multifractal, DFA, the Yangtze River

陈莹, 许有鹏, 尹义星, 刘星才. 长江干流日径流序列的多重分形特征[J]. 地理研究, 2008, 27(4): 819-828.

CHEN Ying, XU You-peng, YIN Yi-xing, LIU Xing-cai. Multifractal characteristics of daily discharge series in the Yangtze River[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2008, 27(4): 819-828.

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长江干流日径流序列的多重分形特征

Multifractal characteristics of daily discharge series in the Yangtze River

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