地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2008, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 917-926.doi: 10.11821/yj2008040020

• 城市与乡村 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于航空客流的中国城市层级结构分析

宋 伟1, 李秀伟2, 修春亮3   

  1. 1. 路易威尔大学地理与地球科学系, Louisville, KY40292,美国;
    2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京100101;
    3. 东北师范大学城市与环境科学学院, 长春130024
  • 收稿日期:2007-07-21 修回日期:2007-12-06 出版日期:2008-07-25 发布日期:2008-07-25
  • 作者简介:宋伟 (1963-),男,黑龙江哈尔滨人,博士,美国路易威尔大学地理与地球科学系助教授。主要研究方向为交通运输地理学、区位分析及城市和区域发展。E-mail :wei.song@lousville.edu *通讯作号 : 修春亮(1964-),教授|博导。主要研究城市地理学、城市与区域规划。E-mail :xiucl@nenu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(40571050);Intramural Research Incentive Grant from the Office of the Senior Vice President for Research at University of Louisville 2005

Patterns of spatial interaction and hierarchical structure of Chinese cities based on intercity air passenger flows

SONG Wei1, LI Xiu-wei2, XIU Chun-liang3   

  1. 1. Department of Geography and Geosciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40292, USA;
    2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
    3. School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024, China
  • Received:2007-07-21 Revised:2007-12-06 Online:2008-07-25 Published:2008-07-25
  • Supported by:

    国家自然科学基金(40571050);Intramural Research Incentive Grant from the Office of the Senior Vice President for Research at University of Louisville 2005

PDF (PC)

赞

被引次数

97 | 28

摘要：

基于1995、2000和2003三个年份的航空客运统计数据,分析中国城际航空客流的结构,并以优势流(dominant flow)方法为主,辅以距离平方和聚类法,分析中国主要城市在国内客运航空网络中的层级及其变化。研究表明,通过航空客运方式产生的空间联系主要集中于东部地区,中部地区在航空网络的重要性方面落后于西部,北京、上海、广-深3个顶点组成全国航空网络的主干;从主导航空客流角度观察,自1995至2003年,一个高度集中的城市层级在3个全国性中心的控制下形成和发展,航空客运网络层级体系中的顶层结构业已清晰,而以下各层次的结构尚处于分化发展之中。

关键词: 城际航空客流, 优势流, 主导中心, 城市层级体系

Abstract:

The patterns of spatial interaction and hierarchical structure of Chinese cities have been both shaped by and reflected in the air traffic pattern as air transport industry developed rapidly since the 1990s. Air passenger linkages or traffic flows among cities are used as the basis for identifying hierarchical status of cities-a theme of long-standing concern for analysis in spatial organization. Three specific research areas are addressed in this paper: (1) the spatial structure of intercity air passenger flows; (2) the pattern and hierarchical standing of major Chinese cities in domestic passenger air transport-based spatial interaction; and (3) air passenger dominance and changing urban system structure. Fifty-seven major Chinese cities with scheduled passenger flights and substantial passenger turnovers are included in the study. Principle of dominant flow, or Nystuen-Dacey method, along with Hierarchical Cluster Analysis by squared Euclidean distance, is applied to intercity air passenger data of 1995, 2000, and 2003. This study reveals, first, that directional intercity air routes and interactions are strongly dominated by cities in the East, where the trio of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou-Shenzhen constitutes the backbone of the national air transport network. Cities in the Middle Region lag behind their counterparts in the other two regions in terms of air network importance. Second, measured by dominant (first-order) air passenger flows, a highly concentrated hierarchical system of passenger air transport and spatial organization of cities has evolved in the form of the control of three top-ranked, national command and control centers from 1995 to 2003. Third, under the national hierarchy led by Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou-Shenzhen, the regional and provincial significance of such cities as Chengdu, Xi'an, Kunming, Xiamen and Urumqi is also evident. Fourth, it seems that the hierarchical nature of the patterns of intercity linkages is increasing. The expansion of China's regional airlines and the probable development of the hub-and-spoke network system have the potential to promote further hierarchical connections and organization in China's national air transport network and urban system.

Key words: intercity air passenger flows, dominant flow, dominant centers, hierarchical structure of cities