应对草地退化的生态移民政策及牧户 响应分析 ——基于黄河源区玛多县的牧户调查

doi:10.11821/yj2009010016

地理研究 ›› 2009, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 143-153.doi: 10.11821/yj2009010016

应对草地退化的生态移民政策及牧户响应分析 ——基于黄河源区玛多县的牧户调查

芦清水, 赵志平

中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101

收稿日期:2008-02-24 修回日期:2008-07-23 发布日期:2010-11-20
作者简介:芦清水(1972-),山东禹城人,博士生。从事GIS、土地利用、生态等方面研究。 E-mail:luqs@lreis.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家支撑项目"国家生态恢复重建的综合监测评估关键技术研发"(2006BAC08B00);中国科学院西部行动计划项目"三江源区生态-生产功能区的区划及其评估研究"(KZCX2-XB2-06-03)

Eco-immigration policy for the degraded rangeland and response of herd families:A case study of Maduo County, the source region of Yellow River

LU Qing-shui, ZHAO Zhi-ping

Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Researches, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2008-02-24 Revised:2008-07-23 Published:2010-11-20
Supported by:
国家支撑项目"国家生态恢复重建的综合监测评估关键技术研发"(2006BAC08B00);中国科学院西部行动计划项目"三江源区生态-生产功能区的区划及其评估研究"(KZCX2-XB2-06-03)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从牧户角度,通过牧户调查、遥感数据、自然要素和社会经济要素综合分析,研究生态移民政策和牧户的响应情况及原因,对以后的人地和谐共处具有借鉴作用。以黄河源区玛多县牧户调查为例,利用1977~2004年三期草地退化数据、近28年气象数据、1988~2004年放牧压力数据、两年的PRA牧户访谈共144户的资料,通过综合分析,得出以下结果: (1)玛多县草地普遍发生退化现象,两期退化草地占总草地面积比重均在43%以上,并且退化呈加快趋势,冬春草场退化情况最为严重。 (2)草地退化是气候干暖化和草地载畜超载共同造成的。(3)移民政策和牧户社会经济情况的对比利益差异,导致移出的牧户以老年牧户、无畜/少畜户为主,分别占移民户总数48.5%和68.3%,牲畜多的、中青年牧户普遍不愿移民。而且,移民户中,一证多户中的部分户移民占所有移民户54.5%。移民牧户结构的上述特征导致通过移民实现草地载畜量明显减少的目标难以实现。

关键词: 草地退化, 放牧压力, 生态移民, 牧户响应

Abstract:

It is valuable for the harmony between human society and ecosystem to analyze the responses to eco-immigration and their reasons from the viewpoint of herd family according to herd family interviewed data, RS images, physical geographical and socioeconomic data. In this research, we selected Maduo County in the source region of the Yellow River as a case study. Based on rangeland degradation data for the period 1977-2004, meteorological data in the past 28 years, grazing pressure index data between 1988-2004, interviewed data of 144 herd families in two recent years, we obtain the following results: (1) The rangeland degraded extensively over the 28 years, the percentage of degraded area in all rangeland was over 43% and degradation of pasture was more serious in cold season than in warm one. The degradation ratio showed an increasing trend. (2) The degradation was caused by the integration of a dry-warm trend of climate change and rangeland overgrazing. (3) The immigrant families are mainly composed of the aged, or families without livestock, with 48.5% and 68.3% of the immigrant ones respectively, due to the profit difference between the eco-immigration and socioeconomic situations of herd families. The herd families with middle and young ages and more livestock are unwilling to move out of this region. Furthermore, the percentage of immigrant households that share one rangeland certificate with parents or brothers in the immigrant family is 54.5%. Therefore, it is hard to decrease overgrazing through eco-immigration in terms of the eco-immigrants' family structure.

Key words: rangeland degradation, grazing pressure, eco-immigration, responses of herd family

芦清水, 赵志平. 应对草地退化的生态移民政策及牧户响应分析 ——基于黄河源区玛多县的牧户调查[J]. 地理研究, 2009, 28(1): 143-153.

LU Qing-shui, ZHAO Zhi-ping. Eco-immigration policy for the degraded rangeland and response of herd families:A case study of Maduo County, the source region of Yellow River[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2009, 28(1): 143-153.

参考文献

[1] 姜立鹏,覃志豪,谢雯.基于单时相MODIS数据的草地退化遥感监测研究.中国草地学报,2007,29(7):39~43.

[2] Zhang K, Yu Z , Li X, Zhou W, Zhang D.Land use change and land degradation in China from 1991 to 2001.Land Degradation & Development,2007,18(2):209~219.

[3] 中华人民共和国农业部综合计划司.2000-2050年全国草地生态建设规划.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.

[4] Ellis J E, Swift D M. Stability of African pastoral ecosystems: Alternate paradigms and implications for development. Journal of Range Management, 1988,41:450~459.

[5] Abel, N O J, Blaikie P M. Land degradation, stocking rates and conservation policies in the communal rangelands of Botswana and Zimbabwe. Land Degradation and Rehabilitation,1989,(1):101~123.

[6] Su Y Z, Li Y L, Cui H Y, Zhao W Z. Influences of continuous grazing and livestock exclusion on soil properties in a degraded sandy grassland, Inner Mongolia, Northern China.CATENA,2000,59(3):267~278.

[7] 蔡晓布,钱成,张永清.退化高寒草原土壤生物学性质的变化.应用生态学报, 2007,18(8):1733~1738.

[8] 范一大,史培军,王秀山,潘耀忠.中国北方典型沙尘暴的遥感分析.地球科学进展,2002,17(2):289~294.

[9] 许炯心.土地利用变化对鄂尔多斯高原周边地区沙尘暴的影响.地理研究,2004,23(4):463~468.

[10] 吕新苗, 刘惠清, 王文杰,等. 北京周边地区沙尘暴时空分布特征及其环境背景. 地理研究,2004,23(1):38~44.

[11] 李彦,李坤 ,燕飞.内蒙古退耕还林(草)中的生态移民问题探析.内蒙古社会科学(汉文版),2004,25(4):142~144.

[12] 李笑春,陈智,叶立国,董华,刘敏,张君,聂馥玲.对生态移民的理性思考——以浑善达克沙地为例.内蒙古大学学报(人文社会科学版),2004,36(5):34~38.

[13] 东日布.生态移民扶贫的实践与启示.中国贫困地区,2000,(1):39~40.

[14] 葛根高娃. 关于内蒙古牧区生态移民政策的探讨——以锡林郭勒盟苏尼特右旗生态移民为例.学习与探索, 2006,3:61~66.

[15] 刘英.生态移民——西部农村地区扶贫的可持续发展之路.区域经济,2006,6:37~38.

[16] Wang G X, Cheng G D. Eco-environmental changes and causative analysis in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers, China. The Environmentalist, 2000, 20: 221~232.

[17] 封建民, 王涛, 齐善忠, 谢昌卫.黄河源区土地沙漠化的动态变化及成因分析——以玛多县为例.水土保持学报, 2004,18(3):141~ 145.

[18] 农业部畜牧兽医总站主编. 中国草地资源.北京:中国科学技术出版社, 1996.

[19] 玛多县志编辑委员会.玛多县志.中国县镇年鉴出版社, 2001.

[20] 刘纪远,徐新良,邵全琴.近30年来青海三江源地区草地退化的主要时空特征.地理学报, 2008,63(4):364~376.

[21] Richard G A, Luis S P, Dirk R, Martin S. Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. FAO, 1998.

[22] Gill R A, Kelly R H, et al. Using simple environmental variables to estimate below-ground productivity in grasslands.Global Ecology and Biogeography ,2002,11(1):79~86.

应对草地退化的生态移民政策及牧户响应分析 ——基于黄河源区玛多县的牧户调查

Eco-immigration policy for the degraded rangeland and response of herd families:A case study of Maduo County, the source region of Yellow River

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 2

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	李鑫远, 雷敏, 郗家祺, 曹晓丽, 赵志卿. 生态移民福祉影响因素研究——基于陕西省蓝田县农村抽样调研[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(6): 1127-1141.
[2]	刘纪远, 邵全琴, 樊江文. 三江源区草地生态系统综合评估指标体系[J]. 地理研究, 2009, 28(2): 273-283.

应对草地退化的生态移民政策及牧户 响应分析 ——基于黄河源区玛多县的牧户调查

Eco-immigration policy for the degraded rangeland and response of herd families:A case study of Maduo County, the source region of Yellow River

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 2

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

应对草地退化的生态移民政策及牧户响应分析 ——基于黄河源区玛多县的牧户调查