老挝森林覆被变化及其驱动力分析

doi:10.11821/yj2009020013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

森林资源是老挝分布最广和最重要的自然资源。基于老挝各省在1982、1992和2002年三个时段的森林覆被和土地利用现状数据,应用洛伦茨曲线和基尼系数对老挝森林覆被变化进行定性和定量的研究,并分析了老挝森林资源变化的驱动力及其主要因子的影响。结果表明老挝各类林地面积和分布结构都发生了相对变化:在面积总量变化上,下降最明显的是现存林地和其他林地,分别下降了3%和5.3%;而次生林地和长期农耕地分别增长了5.4%和2.1%;相对而言,其他非林地面积总量变化不大。在森林分布特点上,现存林地和其他林地的土地利用类型分布呈离散分布;次生林地、长期农耕地和其它非林地的土地类型分布趋向均衡。老挝森林覆被变化有其历史和社会发展水平限制等特殊性,它是老挝社会经济发展和人口增长等因素共同驱动的结果,但主要驱动力是老挝人民普遍的贫困及从事对社会和环境破坏极大的游耕或轮垦的农耕活动。

关键词: 森林覆被, 老挝, 洛伦茨曲线, 基尼系数, 驱动力

Abstract:

Forest resource is the largest and most important natural resource in Lao PDR. Based on the forest cover and land use data of Lao PDR in years of 1982, 1992 and 2002, the concept of Lorenz curve and Gini coefficients (GC) are introduced to make an qualitative and quantitative analysis of the forest cover change in Lao PDR. Moreover, its driving forces and main influencing factors are analyzed. The result indicated that the area proportion and the distributed structure of each type of forest land have changed relatively. In terms of the area, Current Forest (CF) and Other Wooded Areas (OW) decreased most remarkedly, by 3% and 5.3% respectively. While Potential Forest (PF) and Permanent Agriculture (PA) increased by 5.4% and 2.1% separately. Comparatively, the area of Other Non-Forest Areas (NF) did not change much. As for the feature of the forest distribution, Current Forest (CF), and Other Wooded Areas (OW) show discrete, while Potential Forest (PF), Permanent Agriculture (PA) and Other Non-Forest Areas (NF) tend to be balanced. Forest cover of Lao PDR has changed due to its history and level of economic and social development, which is the co-driven result of development of society and economy, population increasing and so on. And the main driving forces are the widespread poverty of Lao PDR and the slash-and-burn cultivation, which has a devastating influence on society and environment.

Key words: forest cover, Lao PDR, Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, driving forces

占达·黑马万, 吴次芳. 老挝森林覆被变化及其驱动力分析[J]. 地理研究, 2009, 28(2): 391-401.

CHANHDA Hemmavanh, WU Ci-fang. Study on forests cover change and its driving forces in Lao PDR[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2009, 28(2): 391-401.

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