地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2009, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 663-672.doi: 10.11821/yj2009030011

• 气候与全球变化 • 上一篇    下一篇

泾洛河流域元代干旱灾害初步研究

顾 静1,2, 赵景波3,1, 周 杰1, 张佑印3   

  1. 1. 中国科学院地球环境研究所 黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,西安 710075;
    2. 中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100039;
    3. 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院, 西安 710062
  • 收稿日期:2008-04-10 修回日期:2008-09-20 出版日期:2009-05-25 发布日期:2009-05-25
  • 作者简介:顾静(1981-),女,西安市人,博士研究生。主要从事自然地理与第四纪研究。 E-mail:gj@stu.snnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    中国科学院黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室项目(SKLLQGOB14);黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室自主部署项目(LQ0705);国家自然科学基金项目(40672108)

An initial study on drought disasters and climate change in the Yuan Dynasty in the Jinghe and Luohe drainage basins

GU Jing1,2, ZHAO Jing-bo3,1, ZHOU Jie1, ZHANG you-yin3   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi'an 710075, China;
    2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China;
    3. Geographical Department of Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
  • Received:2008-04-10 Revised:2008-09-20 Online:2009-05-25 Published:2009-05-25
  • Supported by:

    中国科学院黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室项目(SKLLQGOB14);黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室自主部署项目(LQ0705);国家自然科学基金项目(40672108)

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60 | 5

摘要：

通过对泾洛河流域元代历史资料的搜集、整理和分析,对该时期泾洛河流域干旱灾害等级、干旱灾害事件在时间上的变化及其成因进行了研究。结果表明:泾洛河流域从元代早期(公元1266年)~元代晚期(公元1359年)的94年中,共发生干旱灾害29次,平均每3.2年发生一次;泾洛河流域元代的干旱灾害主要以轻度旱灾为主,占旱灾总数的44.8%,其次是中度旱灾,占旱灾总数的37.9%,特大旱灾的发生频率也较高,占旱灾总数的13.8%,大旱灾发生频率最低,占旱灾总数的3.5%。泾洛河流域旱灾在元代早、中、晚期分布不均匀,从早期到中期再到晚期,干旱灾害呈现出由少变多又变少的趋势。该区旱灾以夏旱最多,春旱次之,春夏连旱与春夏秋冬四季连旱的发生频次也较高,仅次于春旱。降水量的年内分布不均匀是该区在元代发生轻度和中度干旱灾害的主要原因,而气候的异常明显变干是该区在元代中期干旱灾害加剧和大旱灾频繁发生的主要原因。初步认为泾洛河流域元代发生了1次干旱气候事件,时间在1326~1332年。

关键词: 干旱灾害, 时间变化, 灾害成因, 泾洛河流域, 元代

Abstract:

Based on the historical materials in the Yuan Dynasty in Jinghe and Luohe drainage basins, this paper analyzed the sequence, temporal change and the cause of drought disasters. The results indicated that the Jinghe and Luohe drainage basins suffered from 29 drought disaster events in total, averaged one occurrence every 3.2 years during the 94 years from the early to late Yuan Dynasty (1266AD-1359AD). The drought disasters in the Yuan Dynasty in the Jinghe and Luohe drainage basins were mainly slight ones, which accounted for 44.8% of the total, followed by moderate drought disasters accounting for 37.9% of the total. The occurrence of the severest ones was also higher, being 13.8%, and that of heavy drought disasters were the lowest, or 3.5%. There were diverse changes in the occurrences of drought disasters during the early, middle and late Yuan Dynasty in the Jinghe and Luohe drainage basins. Summer droughts were the main type, followed by spring drought. The successive occurrences of spring and summer droughts as well as four seasons were also higher, only next to spring droughts. The intra-annual variations in the temperature and precipitation were the main cause of the slight and moderate drought disasters. The climatic trend toward drought resulted in the heavy and severest ones during the middle Yuan Dynasty in the two basins. Thus we infer that there was one drought event in the Yuan Dynasty in the Jinghe and Luohe drainage basins, occurring between 1326~1332. Initially, we determined that yearly average precipitation of heavy drought disasters was about 400mm and yearly average precipitation of the severest drought disaster was about 350mm in the main drought disaster areas.

Key words: drought disaster, temporal change, cause of drought disasters, Jinghe and Luohe drainage basins, Yuan Dynasty