关键词: 新疆, 地貌, 分布特征, 空间格局

Abstract:

Based on the data of digital geomorphology with a scale of 1:1 000 000, this study analyzes spatial distribution of geomorphologic patterns in Xinjiang. The geomorphologic types were artificially visually interpreted from the multi-sources data including the TM/ETM imageries (a resolution of 30 m) around 1990 and 2000, the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (USGS, 2004) with a horizontal resolution of 90 m, geomorphological maps and geological data etc. The quantitative indexes of the classification system of the digital geomorphology include altitude, relief, genesis, sub-genesis, morphology, micro-morphology, slope-aspect, and lithology, etc. The methodology of geo-statistics and GIS spatial analysis were used in this article. Firstly, the overall features of geomorphology were presented from three levels, i.e., altitude, relief, and basic morphologic types. Secondly, the spatial distribution patterns of different geomorphologic types were analyzed from the features such as altitude, relief, genesis, sub-genesis, morphology and micro-morphology. The results show that: (1) compared to the mountain types, the plain accounts for about 1/3 of the total area in Xinjiang; (2) in terms of absolute altitude, the area of the geomorphologic types of middle altitude (1000~3500 m) makes up about 50%; (3) the hill types (< 200 m) dominates the morphologic types, mainly distributed in the Tarim and Junggar basins, which presents the feature of sand dunes; (4) in the basic morphologic types, the area of the middle-altitude hill types possesses the largest area, being about 21.417%; (5) fluvial, arid and aeolian landforms are the dominant types among all of the genesis types; (6) in general, there are two main characteristics in the spatial pattern of geomorphology in Xinjiang: the horizontal ringed and vertical zonal distributions, from basin center to the highest-relief highest mountain, the genesis geomorphologic types changes from lacustrine landform, aeolian landform, arid landform, fluvial landform, peri-glacial landform, to glacial landform etc. This study provides a scientific basis for a better understanding of the spatial distribution pattern of geomorphology in Xinjiang. It also provides the basic data for the future analysis of the potential arable land resources, prone-to-desertification regions, the distribution of glaciers, and other information, as well as regionalization, sustainable use and development, the restoration of ecological function, etc.

Key words: Xinjiang, geomorphology, distribution, spatial pattern