关键词: 空间距离, 时间距离, 连接性, 可选择性, 空间格局, 中国铁路客运网络

Abstract:

Based on the characteristics of railway passenger transport, choosing the spatial distance, temporal distance, connectivity and selectivity as the indicators, with the province capitals and the train timetable as the object, the accessibility pattern of railway passenger transport network is elaborated in this paper. The dominant factors affecting the indicators are different, which lead to the difference of accessibility pattern denoted by each indicator. The core-periphery pattern are showed in both the spatial and temporal distance, and Zhengzhou is the center with the best accessibility in both two indicators, but the attenuation of accessibility takes on different rules from the core to the periphery. The former is isotropic in the decrease of accessibility, but the later is anisotropic, and those nodes along the main railways are slower in the decrease of accessibility. The central and eastern China is superior to the western area, and the central area is superior to the marginal area in the connectivity index. As far as the selectivity is concerned, the difference between the east and the west is apparent, the area east of the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway is superior to the west area, and those nodes with the worst selectivity level spread at the marginal area of western China. In equilibrium, the spatial distance, temporal distance and the connectivity, which reflect mainly the basic service of railway passenger transport, are better than the selectivity that focuses on the senior service. Beijing, Shanghai, Zhengzhou, and Wuhan are railway hubs in the whole network, and Beijing and Zhengzhou are better than Shanghai and Wuhan in accessibility. According to the formational reasons, Beijing and Shanghai are the functional hubs, while Zhengzhou and Wuhan belong to the location hubs. There are four regional railway hubs, Shenyang, Guangzhou, Chengdu and Lanzhou, which play important roles in sub-railway network. In accessibility, Shenyang and Guangzhou are better than Chengdu and Lanzhou.

Key words: spatial distance, temporal distance, connectivity, selectivity, railway passenger transport network, China