植被恢复不同阶段下喀斯特土壤微生物群落结构及活性的变化——以云南石林景区为例

doi:10.11821/yj2010020005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探讨植被恢复对喀斯特土壤生化特性的影响,对云南石林景区植被恢复演替下土壤养分、微生物群落结构及活性进行了比较研究。结果表明,相对于裸露地,植被恢复显著地提高了土壤养分、微生物量碳、微生物活性、微生物商、细菌种丰富度及基因多样性;相对于对照原始林,植被恢复演替下土壤总有机碳、总氮、微生物量碳、基础呼吸和诱导呼吸的恢复程度分别为32%~83%、36%~70%、54%~89%、58%~82%和35%~51%;对照林与植被恢复演替下土壤细菌群落结构之间的相似性遵循如下趋势:裸露地<(稀)草地<灌丛。总体上,自然恢复方式(草地和灌丛)提高土壤质量效果优于人工恢复方式(柏树林);从裸露地到稀草地恢复过程中,土壤质量提高尤为迅速,为退化喀斯特土壤生态系统进一步恢复改善了条件。

关键词: 植被恢复, 喀斯特土壤, 土壤生化特性, 土壤质量, 云南石林

Abstract:

The process and mechanism of soil quality change along vegetation succession in degraded karst regions has been the research focus of soil science and ecology in China for the last 10 years. Topsoil samples were collected from selected eco-tesserae along a vegetation succession in Stone Forest, Yunnan, China. Soil nutrient pools of organic carbon and total nitrogen and those parameters of biological activity such as microbial biomass carbon, BR, PR, and qCO₂ increased and evidenced the changes in soil function for ecosystem health along the vegetation succession. Bacterial community structures measured by molecular method (PCR-DGGE), as molecular footprint, traced sensitively soil quality and health changes caused by vegetation succession. These results demonstrated that, compared to bare land, vegetation restoration has not only enlarged soil nutrient pool, but also enhanced soil microbial biomass, diversity and activity, leading to a soil ecosystem with higher productivity and stability. In general, compared to cypress plantation, natural restoration (grassland and shrub) was an effective approach to improving soil quality indicated by soil biochemical properties. It was interesting that rate of soil quality recovery was faster at the early stage of vegetation restoring (thin grassland layer from bare land ), which meant good basal soil conditions built up for degraded karst ecosystem further restoration.

Key words: vegetation restoring, karst soil, soil biochemistry property, soil quality, Stone forest, Yunnan

张平究,潘根兴. 植被恢复不同阶段下喀斯特土壤微生物群落结构及活性的变化——以云南石林景区为例[J]. 地理研究, 2010, 29(2): 223-234.

ZHANG Ping-jiu, PAN Gen-xing. Changes of soil microbial communities and activities along a vegetation succession in karst soil: A case study of Stone Forest, Yunnan, China[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2010, 29(2): 223-234.

参考文献

[1] 兰安军, 张百平, 熊康宁, 等. 黔西南脆弱喀斯特生态环境空间格局分析. 地理研究, 2003, 22(6):733~741.

[2] Yuan D X. On the Karst ecosystem. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2001, 75: 336~338.

[3] 王世杰. 喀斯特石漠化概念演绎及其科学内涵的探讨. 中国岩溶, 2002, 21(2): 101~105.

[4] 中国科学院学部. 关于推进西南岩溶地区石漠化综合治理的若干建议. 地球科学进展, 2003, 18(4): 489~492.

[5] 李阳兵, 王世杰, 王济. 岩溶生态系统的土壤特性及其今后研究方向. 中国岩溶, 2006, 25(4):285~289.

[6] 任景辰, 张平究, 潘根兴, 等. 岩溶土壤的生态地球化学特征及其指示意义—以贵州贞丰-关岭岩溶石山地区为例. 地球科学进展, 2006, 21(5): 504~512.

[7] 李阳兵, 高明, 邵景安, 等. 岩溶山区不同植被群落土壤生态系统特征研究. 地理科学, 2005, 25(5):606~613.

[8] 龙健, 邓启琼, 江新荣, 等. 西南岩溶地区退耕还林(草)模式对土壤肥力质量演变的影响. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(7): 1279~1284.

[9] 司彬, 姚小华, 任华东, 等. 黔中喀斯特植被恢复演替过程中土壤理化性质研究. 江西农业大学学报, 2008, 30(6): 1122~1125)

[10] 王韵, 王克林, 邹冬生, 等. 广西喀斯特地区植被演替对土壤质量的影响. 水土保持学报, 2007, 21(6):130~134.

[11] 魏媛, 喻理飞, 张金池. 退化喀斯特植被恢复过程中土壤微生物活性研究. 中国岩溶, 2008, 27(1):63~67.

[12] Glover L.Anne (convenor). Composition of soil microbial and fauna communities: New insight from new technologies. 17th WCSS. Abstracts. Bangkok Thailand, 2002. 263~298.

[13] Gelsomino A, Anneke C. Keijer-Wolters, Cacoo G. Assessment of bacterial community structure in soil by polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 1999, 38:1~15.

[14] Martinez-Iigo M J, P rez-Sanz A, Ortiz I, et al. Bulk soil and rhizosphere bacterial community PCR-DGGE profiles and β-galactosidase activity as indiactors of biological quality in soils contaminated by heavy metals and cultivated with Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke. Chemosphere 2009, 75:1376~1381.

[15] Marschner P, Yang C H, Lieberi R, et al. Soil and plant specific effect on bacterial community composition in the rhizosphere. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2001, 33:1437~1445.

[16] 李潞滨, 刘振静, 庄彩云, 等. 应用DGGE技术分析青藏铁路沿线的土壤细菌群落多样性. 生态学杂志, 2008, 27(5):751~755.

[17] 杨鑫, 曹靖, 董茂星, 等. 外来树种日本落叶松对森林土壤质量及细菌多样性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19(10):2109~2116.

[18] Zhang P J, Li L Q, Pan G X, et al.Soil quality changes in land degradation as indicated by soil chemical, biochemical and microbiological properties in a karst area of southwest Guizhou, China. Environmental Geology, 2006, 51: 609~619.

[19] 李玉辉, 冯正清, 俞筱押. 云南石林公园植被重大变化与意义. 中国岩溶, 2005, 24(3): 212~218.

[20] 张智英, 李玉辉, 柴冬梅, 等. 云南石林公园不同生境蚂蚁多样性研究. 生物多样性, 2005, 13(4): 357~362.

[21] 梁福源, 宋林华, 唐涛. 石林地区土壤性质与喀斯特洼地发育. 地理研究, 2004, 23(3):321~328.

[22] 杨瑞, 喻理飞. 黔中退化喀斯特森林恢复过程中早期群落结构分析. 贵州科学, 2004, 22(3):44~64.

[23] 鲁如坤,等. 土壤农业化学分析方法. 北京, 中国农业科技出版社, 2000. 12~15, 107~111.

[24] Vance E D, Brooks P C, Jenkinson D S. An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1987, 19:703~707.

[25] Hofman J, Du ek L, Klánova J, et al. Monitoring microbial biomass and respiration in different soils from the Czech Republic-summary of results. Environment International, 2004, 30:19~30.

[26] Dilly O, Munch J C. Ratios between estimates of microbial biomass content and microbial activity in soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 1998, 27:374~379

[27] Nakatsu C H, Torsvik V, erís L. Soil community analysis using of 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction products. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2000, 64:1382~1388.

[28] Weisburg W G, Barns S, Pelletier D A, et al. 16S Ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. Journal of Bacteriology, 1991, 173: 697~703

[29] Eichner C A, Erb R W, Timmis K N, et al. Thermal gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of bioprotection from pollutant shocks in the activated sludge microbial community. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1999, 65:102~109.

[30] Hedrick D B, Peacock A, Stephen J R, et al. Measuring soil microbial community diversity using polar lipid fatty acid and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis data. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2000, 41:235~248

[31] 何振立. 土壤微生物量及其在养分循环和环境评价中的意义. 土壤, 1997, 2: 61~69.

[32] Kennedy A C, Papaendick R I. Microbial characteristics of soil quality. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1995, 50: 243~248

[33] Cheng W X, Zhang Q L, Coleman D C, et al. Is available carbon limiting microbial respiration in the rhizosphere? Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1996, 28: 1283~1288.

[34] Anderson T H. Microbial eco-physiological indicator to assess soil quality. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment, 2003, 98: 285~293.

[35] Hill G T, Mitkowski N A, Aldrich-Wolfe L. et al. Methods for assessing the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities. Applied Soil Ecology, 2000, 15: 25~36.

[36] Schloter M, Dilly O, Munch J C. Indicator for evaluating soil quality. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2003, 98: 255~262.

[37] Tilman D, Wedin D, Knops J. Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems. Nature, 1996, 379: 718~720.

[38] Rutigliano F A, D'Asoli R, De Santo A V. Soil microbial metabolism and nutrient status in a Mediterranean area as affected by plant cover. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2004, 36: 1719~1729.

[39] 罗海波, 宋光煜, 何滕兵, 等. 贵州喀斯特山区石漠化治理过程中土壤质量特征研究. 水土保持学报, 2004, 18(6): 112~115.

[40] Singh K P, Mandal T N, Tripathi S K. Patterns of restoration of soil physicochemical properties and microbial biomass in different landslide sites in the sal forest ecosystem of Nepal Himalaya. Ecological Engineering, 2001, 17: 385~ 401.

[41] Lee C S, You Y H, Robinson G R. Secondary succession and natural habitat restoration in abandoned fields of central Korea. Restoration Ecology, 2002, 10: 306~314.

[42] Jia G M, Cao J, Wang C Y, et al. Microbial biomass and nutrients in soil at the different stages of secondary forest succession in Ziwuling, northwest China. Forest Ecology and Management, 2005, 217: 117~125.

[43] 郑华, 欧阳志远, 王效科, 等. 不同森林恢复类型对南方红壤侵蚀区土壤质量的影响. 生态学报, 2004, 24(9): 1994~2002.

[44] Zhao W Z, Xiao H L, Liu Z M, et al. Soil degradation and restoration as affected by land use change in the semiarid Bashang area, northern China. Cetena, 2005, 59: 173~186.

[45] Bauhus J, Pare D, C téL. Effects of tree species stand age and soil type on soil microbial biomass and its activity in a southern boreal forest. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1998, 30: 1077~1089.

[46] Schipper L A, Degens B P, Sparling G P, et al. Changes in microbial heterotrophic diversity along five plant successional sequences. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2001, 33: 2093~2103.

[47] Ravit B, Ehenfeld J G, H ggblom M M. Effects of vegetation on root-associated microbial communities: A comparison of disturbed versus undisturbed estuarine sediments. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2006, 38: 2359~2371.

[48] Rodr guez-Loinaz G, Onaindia M, Amezaga I, et al. Relationship between vegetation diversity and soil functional diversity in native mixed-oak forest. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2008, 40: 49~60.

[49] 何寻阳, 王克林, 徐丽丽, 等. 喀斯特地区植被不同演替阶段土壤细菌代谢多样性及其季节变化. 环境科学学报, 2008, 28(12):2590~2596

[50] Zhou J Z, Xia B C, Treves D S, et al. Spatial and resource factors influencing high microbial diversity in soil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2002, 68: 326~334.

[51] Marschner P, Kandeler E, Marshner B. Structure and function of the soil microbial community in a long-term fertilizer experiment. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2003, 35: 453~461.

[52] 郑华, 欧阳志远, 赵同谦, 等. 不同森林恢复类型对土壤生物学特性的影响. 应用与环境生物学报, 2006, 12(1): 36~43.

[53] 张薇, 胡跃高, 黄国和, 等. 西北黄土高原柠条种植区土壤微生物多样性分析. 微生物学报, 2007, 47(5): 751~756.

[54] Hannam K D, Quideau S A, Kishchuk B E. Forest floor microbial communities in relation to stand composition and harvesting in northern Alberta. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2006, 38: 2565~2575.