芜湖市区地表灰尘中重金属粒径效应及其健康风险评价

doi:10.11821/yj2010070005

地理研究 ›› 2010, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (7): 1193-1202.doi: 10.11821/yj2010070005

芜湖市区地表灰尘中重金属粒径效应及其健康风险评价

方凤满^1,2, 蒋炳言¹, 王海东¹, 谢宏芳¹

1. 安徽师范大学国土资源与旅游学院,芜湖 241003;
2. 安徽自然灾害过程与防控研究省级实验室,芜湖 241003

收稿日期:2010-01-07 修回日期:2010-05-13 出版日期:2010-07-20 发布日期:2010-07-20
作者简介:方凤满(1974-),女,博士,教授,主要从事表生环境中污染物的迁移与转化研究。 E-mail: ffm1974@mail.ahnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(40901258);安徽高校省级自然科学研究重点项目(KJ2009A137)

Particle size distribution and health risk assessment of heavy metals in surface dust of Wuhu urban area

FANG Feng-man^1,2, JIANG Bing-yan¹, WANG Hai-dong¹, XIE Hong-fang¹

1. College of Territorial Resources and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China;
2. Anhui Natural Disasters Process and Prevention-control Provincial-level Laboratories, Wuhu 241003,Anhui,China

Received:2010-01-07 Revised:2010-05-13 Online:2010-07-20 Published:2010-07-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对芜湖市区高新技术开发区、中心城区、经济技术开发区等21个地表灰尘样品中重金属含量的粒径分布效应及其细粒径灰尘重金属健康风险进行分析。结果表明:芜湖市区地表灰尘中9种重金属含量的变化范围较大,并存在不同程度的污染,其中Cd的平均值是土壤背景值的30倍以上。Zn、Cd、Pb、Co、Ni、Cu含量在经济技术开发区最大,Mn在高新技术开发区最大,Cr、V在中心城区最大。不同重金属的粒径分布效应差异较大,大部分重金属在160~200目粒径段的含量最高。重金属主要富集在<75μm粒径级别上,富集比例约为50%,大小顺序依次为:Cd>Cu>Zn>Cr>Ni>Pb>Co>V>Mn。手-口摄入途径是儿童对细粒径地表灰尘重金属暴露的主要途径。不同重金属非致癌风险大小依次为:Pb>Cr>Mn>V>Cu>Cd>Co> Ni>Zn,均不构成明显的风险,但经济技术开发区的各重金属叠加风险指数达1.266,存在非致癌风险。Cr、Cd、Co和Ni致癌风险均低于风险阈值,不会对人体造成健康危害。

关键词: 地表灰尘, 重金属, 粒径分布, 富集比例, 健康风险评价

Abstract:

A total of 21 surface dust samples were collected in High-tech Development Zone, Center City, Economic and Technological Development Zone in Wuhu urban area. Concentrations of Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, Mn, Cr, V and Cu on different particle sizes were analyzed by ICP-OES in this paper. Research into the exposure and health risk assessment of heavy metals on the fine size dust was carried out by using USEPA health risk assessment model. Results showed that: the range of the change for the nine heavy metals in surface dust in Wuhu urban area was quite large and there exit different degrees of pollution, in which the average concentration of Cd was over 30 times of the soil background value. As far as the concentration was concerned, Economic and Technological Development Zone witnessed the highest concentrations of Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni and Cu, High-tech Development Zone found the highest concentration of Mn, and Central City saw the highest concentrations of Cr and V. Particle size distribution had a significant influence on pollutant concentrations. Some 160-200 and >200 mesh sizes were at the main pollution level. Heavy metals were mainly enriched in the >200 mesh particle size and the enrichment ratio was about 50% in the order of Cd>Cu>Zn>Cr>Ni>Pb>Co>V>Mn. Human exposure risk assessment showed that hand-mouth intake was the main way for childrens' heavy metals exposure to fine particle size of surface dust, followed by skin absorption, and the exposure to heavy metals through air inhalation was the smallest. The order of non-cancerous hazard indexes of metals was Pb>Cr>Mn>V>Cu>Cd>Co>Ni>Zn. There were no significant risks, but the superposition of all the heavy metals on childrens' degree of non-cancer risk was up to 0.753, so we should pay more attention to cumulative pollution and potential risks. The non-cancerous risk indexes of the nine heavy metals from the three ways was 1.266 in Economic and Technological Development Zone, showing a potential non-cancerous risk to the health of the children. Cancer risks of Cr, Cd, Co and Ni were lower than their threshold values, indicating a lower risk of cancer and without health hazards.

Key words: surface dust, heavy metals, particle size distribution, enrichment ratio, health risk assessment

方凤满,蒋炳言,王海东,谢宏芳. 芜湖市区地表灰尘中重金属粒径效应及其健康风险评价[J]. 地理研究, 2010, 29(7): 1193-1202.

FANG Feng-man, JIANG Bing-yan, WANG Hai-dong, XIE Hong-fang. Particle size distribution and health risk assessment of heavy metals in surface dust of Wuhu urban area[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2010, 29(7): 1193-1202.

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芜湖市区地表灰尘中重金属粒径效应及其健康风险评价

Particle size distribution and health risk assessment of heavy metals in surface dust of Wuhu urban area

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