地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2010, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (10): 1870-1878.doi: 10.11821/yj2010100015

• 城市与乡村 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同坡面植被空间布局对坡沟系统产流产沙影响的实验

丁文峰1, 李勉2   

  1. 1. 长江科学院水土保持研究所,武汉 430010;
    2. 黄河水利科学研究院水土保持研究所,郑州 467000
  • 收稿日期:2010-01-03 修回日期:2010-05-26 出版日期:2010-10-20 发布日期:2010-10-20
  • 作者简介:丁文峰(1975-),男,博士,高级工程师。主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持方面的研究。 E-mail:wenfengding@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    "十一五"科技支撑项目(2008BAD98B02);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2007CB407203)

Experimental study on the effect of slope vegetation distribution variation on runoff and sediment yield in slope-gully system

DING Wen-feng1, LI Mian2   

  1. 1. Soil and Water Conservation Department of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China, China;
    2. Institute of Hydraulic Research of Yellow River, Zhengzhou 467000, China
  • Received:2010-01-03 Revised:2010-05-26 Online:2010-10-20 Published:2010-10-20

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被引次数

49 | 11

摘要：

植被在有效控制水土流失、改善生态环境中具有重要作用。为探讨坡面不同植被覆盖度、不同植被空间布局对坡沟系统侵蚀产沙的影响,以4 m长坡面(坡度为20°)和3 m长沟坡(坡度为50°)组成的坡沟系统为研究对象,采用不同放水流量(3.2 L/min、5.2 L/min)的放水冲刷实验,研究了不同放水流量、不同植被覆盖度、不同植被布设部位对坡-沟系统及沟坡侵蚀产沙的影响。结果表明,在实验条件下,不同植被布设部位在相同放水流量、相同植被覆盖度条件下对坡沟系统侵蚀产沙有明显影响,而对产流量无明显影响;沟坡部分侵蚀产沙量不随坡面植被覆盖度的增大而减小,相反呈增大趋势。说明在实验条件下,对坡沟系统而言,仅在坡面部分布设植被,尽管能在一定程度上减少坡沟系统侵蚀产沙,但并不能有效减小沟坡部分的侵蚀产沙,甚至引起沟坡部分侵蚀产沙的增大。因此,水土流失治理过程中采取有效措施进行坡沟兼治将是减少水土流失的有效手段。

关键词: 植被空间分布格局, 坡沟系统, 产流产沙

Abstract:

The runoff erosion formation and the sediment yield intensity present a vertical distribution because of the complicated topography and the special climate condition in the Loess Plateau of China. The variation of vegetation distribution has great effects on sediment yield in slope-gully system because of the erosion spatial variability. The authors, taking the slope-gully system as a research object, which is composed of the 4-meter-long slope and the 3-meter long gully slope, made a series of simulated scouring experiments under different flow discharges (3.2 L/min, 5.2 L/min). This paper studies the effects of different flow discharges, different vegetation distribution along the slope (up-slope, middle-slope and down-slope) and different vegetation coverages (0, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%) to the sediment yielding of slope-gully system. The results show that, the total runoff volume and the process of runoff yield have no obvious difference among the three types of different transplanted grass on slope under the same grass coverages and the same flow discharges, but the sediment yield has distinct variation among the three types. That is, different types of grass decrease the sediment yield not by reducing the runoff volume. The total runoff discharge is only related to the grass coverage on slope and the flow discharge under the experimental condition. The amount of sediment yield on gully section increases with the increase of the flow discharges under the same grass coverage, as well as the same transplanted grass on slope. The amount of sediment yield on gully section did not show a decreasing tendency when the flow discharge is raised, but showed an increasing tendency instead. According to this result, if we only take the measure of harnessing the slope without harnessing the gully, the amount of sediment of gully section will increase with the rise of flow discharges. So we should give attention to slope and gully when we harness the soil and water loss in watersheds of the Loess Plateau.

Key words: different vegetation distribution, slope-gully system, sediment yield