地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2011, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 447-462.doi: 10.11821/yj2011030006

• 文化与旅游 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于中外五区比较的旅游劳工行业流动规律分析

杨钊1,2, 张捷1, 蔡永寿3, 上官筱燕3, 韩国圣1   

  1. 1. 南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京 210093;
    2. 安徽师范大学国土资源与旅游学院,芜湖 241003;
    3. 九寨沟风景名胜区管理局,四川 九寨沟县 623402
  • 收稿日期:2009-11-20 修回日期:2010-05-26 出版日期:2011-03-20 发布日期:2011-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 张捷(1960-),汉,男,江苏无锡人,教授,博士生导师,主要从事旅游地理和文化地理研究。 E-mail:jiezhang@nju.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:杨钊(1974-),汉,男,副教授,博士生,硕士生导师,主要从事旅游地理与人口地理研究。 E-mail:yangzhao@mail.ahnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(40771059、40371030);安徽省教育厅重点研究基地项目(2008sk082zd);教育部人文社会科学项目(07JC630026)

Analysis of tourism labor's inter-industry mobilty rules based on comparison among five areas at home and abroad

YANG Zhao1,2, ZHANG Jie1, CAI Yong-shou3, SHANGGUAN Xiao-yan3, HAN Guo-sheng1   

  1. 1. School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;
    2. College of Territorial Resource and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China;
    3. The Management Office of Jiuzhaigou Landscape Showplace, Jiuzhaigou 623402, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2009-11-20 Revised:2010-05-26 Online:2011-03-20 Published:2011-03-20

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9 | 1

摘要： 以九寨沟为实证案例地,通过与我国九华山和国外匈牙利、英国萨默塞特和考文垂、加拿大温哥华岛的比较,探讨了不同背景下旅游劳工的行业流动模式、从业评价和驱动规律。研究发现:(1)旅游劳工转移产业分布十分宽广。国外商业、服务业占据了主导行业,衰落产业劳工占据1/10比例。我国农业、制造业占据主导行业,首次就业人群比例高,年轻女性就业需求高。(2)中外旅游劳工的从业感知评价都十分积极。我国两地从业总体满意度主要受职业前景、生活水平、工作时间长度和工作环境指标的支持。(3)因子分析证实旅游劳工行业流动来自五种驱动力。"积极特性因子"主导,职业避风港作用较小。"企业家愿望"因子与个体业主密切相关。"获利手段"和"积极特性"得到各人口特征人群的认可,"职业避风港"在各人口特征人群的认可度都较低。

关键词: 旅游劳工, 流动规律, 驱动机制, 比较研究

Abstract: Tourism employment has many positive and negative characteristics, which play a particular role in tourism labor's inter-industry mobility under different social backgrounds. Taking Jiuzhaigou as a case study, the article, through a comparative study in the existing work on mobility in Hungary, Somerset and Coventry in the United Kingdom, Jiuhua Mountain in China and Vancouver Island in Canada, analyzes tourism labor's mobility pattern, self-evaluation of mobility impacts, and mobility motivations under different backgrounds. The findings of the study are as follows. First, labor comes from an unusually wide range of industries. In foreign countries, the highest percentage engaged in trade (Wholesale and Retails Trade), and public sector such as public administration, and education and health contributed a high proportion, and mobility from declining industries was not insignificant, approximately accounting for 10%. In China tourism draws labor mainly from the traditional sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing, and high proportion of unemployed and female young labors are inclined to work in tourism. Second, the most positive impact of mobility was reported on the job satisfaction variables. The dominance of job satisfaction and physical environment may have been traded off for poor income, long working hours and job/education match. As is indicated by the multi-regression analysis, the satisfaction is mainly supported by career prospects, living standards, working hours and physical environment in China. Third, factor analysis of 30 motivation variables confirms five-dimensional structure. The means' ranking of motivation and factor display that labor mainly arrives by "positive" attributes associated with this industry and few are absorbed for "refuge". In China "instrumental utility" together with "positive" is the strongest motivational forces. "Entrepreneurial" is correlated with businessman moving from agriculture and service industry. "Instrumental utility" and "positive" are most approved by all kinds of samples, but "refuge" approved least. These rules result from the combined effort exerted by the three powers of tourism employment's characteristics, regional socio-economic backgrounds and case's features.

Key words: tourism labor, mobility rule, dynamics mechanism, comparative study