某城市幼儿园地表灰尘重金属污染及潜在生态风险

doi:10.11821/yj2011030009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选取河南省某市31个幼儿园采集地表灰尘样品,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定其Zn、Pb、Cr、Cu和Ni含量,应用地积累指数法和潜在生态风险指数法探讨了灰尘重金属的污染特征和潜在生态风险。结果表明:城区幼儿园灰尘Zn、Pb、Cr、Cu和Ni的平均含量分别是郊区对照幼儿园的1.93、2.13、5.45、1.90和0.98倍;Pb、Zn、Cr和Cu属于人为源重金属,Ni属于混合源重金属。灰尘Pb污染比较严重,Ni和Zn多为轻污染或偏中污染,Cu和Cr污染较轻。所有幼儿园的灰尘重金属潜在生态总风险均在强烈风险以上,Pb对生态总风险的平均贡献率达70.34%,是最主要的风险因子。潜在生态总风险指数(RI)的分级标准必须根据所研究的污染物数目及其毒性响应系数大小进行调整。

关键词: 地表灰尘, 重金属, 幼儿园,地积累指数, 潜在生态风险

Abstract: Many studies have been undertaken on heavy metal pollution of surface dust or street dust in many cities, but very few studies have been done on the pollution and potential ecological risk of kindergarten dust. Thirty-one surface dust samples were collected from kindergartens in one of cities located in the east of Henan Province, China. Concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu and Ni in the samples were determined using F-AAS (flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry). Pollution and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the samples were discussed with geoaccmulation index (I_geo) and potential ecological risk index (RI) respectively. The results show that average concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu and Ni in kindergarten dust in urban area of the city are 311.84, 256.15, 89.17, 52.47 and 40.79 mg/kg respectively, and 1.93, 2.13, 5.45, 1.90 and 0.98 times of the control samples respectively. The heavy metals can be classified into two groups: anthropogenic source metals and mixed source metals. The first group of metals, Pb, Zn, Cr and Cu, is mainly derived from urban industries, traffic, domestic wastes, religion activities etc; while the second group, Ni, is from both human activities and soil parent material around the city. All the samples are polluted by Pb seriously with the degrees above moderate level; most samples are polluted by Ni and Zn with the degrees of slight or moderate levels, while they are polluted by Cu and Cr with a degree of slight level. The levels of integrated ecological risks of heavy metals in urban kindergarten dust are all above the strong risk with the average RI of 78.87. Lead in dust is an uppermost factor of potential ecological risk, because the average Epb contributes 70.34% to RI. Applying the method of RI proposed by Hkanson in 1980 to estimate potential ecological risk of pollutants, the RI standards for different risk levels should be modified according to the pollutant numbers studied and their toxic-response factors.

Key words: surface dust, heavy metals, kindergarten, geoaccmulation index, potential ecological risk

马建华, 王晓云, 侯千, 段海静. 某城市幼儿园地表灰尘重金属污染及潜在生态风险[J]. 地理研究, 2011, 30(3): 486-495.

MA Jian-hua, WANG Xiao-yun, HOU Qian, DUAN Hai-jing. Pollution and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in surface dust on urban kindergartens[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2011, 30(3): 486-495.

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