关键词: 农牧民, 生计资本, 生活满意度, 甘南高原

Abstract: The Gannan Plateau, located in the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is a typical ecologically-sensitive region. The peasants and herdsmen are the main economic activities body and the essential decisive unit in this region. Their livelihood pattern affects the environmental security. Therefore, increasing and optimizing the peasants' and herdsmen's livelihood capital is the fundamental and key point of reducing poverty, protecting environment and using resources sustainably. At first, we set up the livelihood capital evaluation index, calculate the farmers' livelihood capital and analyze the farmers' livelihood pressure and the urgent assistance that they need by the field survey data. Then, we analyze the impact of the livelihood capital on the life satisfaction by logistic regression model. Finally, based on the analyses, we put forward the measures of increasing the farmers' livelihood capital. By evaluating the livelihood capital, the results show that the livelihood capital has spatial heterogeneity, namely, the first is the farmers in the pasture area, and the livelihood capital value reaches 1.4769; the second is the farmers in the farming area, being 1.2920; the last is the farmers in the farming-pastoral area, 1.2841. There are some differences of the capital scarcity in this region. The farmers in the farming area are lack of material and nature capital. Meanwhile shortage of material capital exists in the farming-pastoral area and financial capital is needed in the pasture area. Moreover, the farmers' life satisfaction is lower. Some 44.40% of the interviewees are not satisfied with their living conditions, and they are facing a series of life stresses, such as income, education, medical care and employment. But the farmers respond to the life risks in a passive way, willing to depend on the local government. By analyzing the impact of the farmer' livelihood capital on life satisfaction, the results show that the most important capital is the material capital at present, and its Wald statistics is 14.635, followed by the financial and social capital, with their Wald statistical values being 12.204 and 10.837, respectively. However, the livelihood capital that makes great contribution to the improvement of life satisfaction is the human and social capital, and their odds ratios are 10.283 and 7.632, respectively.

Key words: peasants and herdsmen, livelihood capital, life satisfaction, Gannan Plateau