世界城市网络研究理论与方法及其对城市体系研究的启示

doi:10.11821/yj2011060005

地理研究 ›› 2011, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 1009-1020.doi: 10.11821/yj2011060005

世界城市网络研究理论与方法及其对城市体系研究的启示

杨永春^1,2, 冷炳荣¹, 谭一洺¹, 李甜甜¹

1. 兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州 730000;
2. 兰州大学教育部西部环境重点实验室,兰州 730000

收稿日期:2010-11-19 修回日期:2011-03-08 出版日期:2011-06-20 发布日期:2011-06-20
作者简介:杨永春(1969-),男,陕西白水人,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为城市与区域发展及规划,E-mail: yangych@lzu.edu.cn; 冷炳荣(1986-),男,江西九江人,研究生,研究方向为城市与区域规划。 E-mail: lengbr@gmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(40771064);教育部新世纪优秀人才计划(NCET-07-0398)

Review on world city studies and their implications in urban systems

YANG Yong-chun^1,2, LENG Bing-rong¹, TAN Yi-ming¹, LI Tian-tian¹

1. College of Resources and Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Western China's Environment Systems of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2010-11-19 Revised:2011-03-08 Online:2011-06-20 Published:2011-06-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 世界城市研究是城市研究领域的重点领域之一,主流学者们的研究方法与思路在不同时期发生了一系列变化,研究的主要视角可划分为"有属性无关系"的世界城市研究、网络社会视角的世界城市研究、全球背景下的世界城市网络理论与方法研究三个阶段。随着信息通讯技术的发展、全球一体化进程的加速推进,生产性服务业已成为世界级城市发展高端化的重要标志,众多学科的交融为世界城市研究提供了新的技术支撑。目前对世界城市的研究已从多个城市的综合属性比较走向世界城市网络研究。基于生产性服务业的世界城市网络研究创新性地提出了连锁网络模型方法,为世界城市之间联系的重要推手(跨国企业)构建了由企业联系到城市联系的桥梁,成为基于企业视角的世界城市网络理论与方法的基石。世界城市网络理论与方法在城市体系研究中有着重要的运用价值,主要表现在:(1)由属性走向关系——从侧重城市属性信息到城市之间如何联系的转变;(2)由等级走向网络——从侧重城市的等级排序与竞争到城市体系的连接方向与互补的转变;(3)由封闭系统走向开放系统——从侧重考察范围内城市体系如何组织到更大范围内甚至全球的城市开放体系的转变;(4)在分析方法上从侧重统计比较到以点和线为一体的网络分析方法的转变。

关键词: 世界城市, 网络分析, 连锁网络模型, 高级生产者服务业

Abstract: The focus on world cities is always a hot issue in urban studies in global vision. However, the research methods for world cities in the mainstream field are gradually changing over time. To clarify its history, we divide studies on world cities into three periods, that is, stage of world cities with attributes but without relations, stage of world cities in network society, overly new stage of world city network in global environment. With rapid development in information technology and communications and deepened involvement in global integration, advanced producer services (APS) play an increasingly important role in economic and social relations between any two world cities. Meanwhile, new developments in other sources of retrieving data and introducing new approaches from other disciplines into world cities studies reveal that it is a new spring called stage of world city network for academic research in this field. The leading scholar, Peter J. Taylor, and his colleagues develop an interlocking network model when they obtain data from the survey in APS. We claim that new improvements in traditional urban system studies are obviously seen if theoretical and analytical methods in world city network are introduced. In detail, the improvements and implications are: (1) the transformation from attributes to relations, that is relation data instead of attribute data in retrieving basic sources; (2) new stage from hierarchy to network, that is linkages and cooperation instead of orders and hierarchies; (3) the research objectives from closed urban systems to open ones; (4) innovative research methods, that is network approaches instead of comparison of statistical data.

Key words: world city network (WCN), network approach, interlocking network model, advanced producer services (APS)

杨永春, 冷炳荣, 谭一洺, 李甜甜. 世界城市网络研究理论与方法及其对城市体系研究的启示[J]. 地理研究, 2011, 30(6): 1009-1020.

YANG Yong-chun, LENG Bing-rong, TAN Yi-ming, LI Tian-tian. Review on world city studies and their implications in urban systems[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2011, 30(6): 1009-1020.

参考文献

[1] Taylor P J. World Cities Network: A Global Urban Analysis. London: Routledge, 2004.

[2] Harris C D, Ullman E L. The nature of cities. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1945, 242(1): 7~17.

[3] Batty M. Rank clocks. Nature, 2006, 444: 592~596.

[4] Beaverstock J V, Smith R G. World-city network: A new metageography. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2000, 90(1): 123~134.

[5] Hall P, Pain K. 多中心大都市——来自欧洲巨型城市区域的经验.罗震东,等译. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社,2010.

[6] 彼得·霍尔, 考蒂·佩因. 从大都市到多中心都市. 国际城市规划, 2008, 101(01): 15~27.

[7] 徐江. 多中心城市群:POLYNET引发的思考. 国际城市规划, 2008, 23(1): 1~3.

[8] 薛凤旋, 蔡建明. 中国三大都会经济区的演变及其发展战略. 地理研究, 2003, 22(5): 531~540.

[9] 袁家冬, 周筠, 黄伟. 我国都市圈理论研究与规划实践中的若干误区. 地理研究, 2006, 25(1): 112~120.

[10] 于涛方, 吴志强. "Global Region"结构与重构研究——以长三角地区为例. 城市规划学刊, 2006, (2): 4~11.

[11] 张京祥, 殷洁, 何建颐. 全球化世纪的城市密集地区发展与规划. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2007.

[12] 乔家君, 李小建. 河南省城镇密集区的空间地域结构. 地理研究, 2006, 25(2): 213~222.

[13] 胡刚, 姚士谋. 环杭州湾"V"型组合城市建设初探. 城市规划, 2002,(6): 30~34.

[14] 张晓明, 汪淳. 长江三角洲巨型城市区城镇格局分析—高级生产者服务业视角. 城市与区域研究, 2008, 1(2): 43~64.

[15] 唐子来, 赵渺希. 经济全球化视角下长三角区域的城市体系演化:关联网络和价值区段的分析方法. 城市规划学刊, 2010, (1): 29~34.

[16] Friedmann J. The world city hypothesis. Development and Change, 1986, 17:69~83.

[17] Sassen S. The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.

[18] Hall P. The World Cities. London: Heinemann, 1966.

[19] Castells M. 网络社会的崛起. 夏铸九等译,北京: 社会科学文献出版社, 2006.

[20] Derudder B, Witlox F. Mapping world city networks through airline flows: Context, relevance, and problems. Journal of Transport Geography, 2008, 16(5): 305~312.

[21] Beaverstock J V, Smith R G, Taylor P J, et al. Globalization and world cities: Some measurement methodologies. Applied Geography, 2000, 20(1): 43~63.

[22] Taylor P J. Hierarchical tendencies amongst world cities: a global research proposal. Cities, 1997, 14(6): 323~332.

[23] Taylor P J, Ni P, Derudder B, et al. Measuring the world city network: new developments and results. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb300.html,2009-03-02.

[24] Taylor P J, Derudder B, Saey P, et al. Cities in globalization: practices, polices and theories. London: Routledge, 2007.

[25] Alderson A S, Jason B. Power and position in the world city system. The American Journal of Sociology, 2004, 109(4): 811~851.

[26] Smith D A, Timberlake M. Conceptualising and mapping the structure of the world system’s city system. Urban Studies, 1995, 32(2): 287~302.

[27] Derudder B, Witlox F, Faulconbridge J, et al. Airline data for global city network research: Reviewing and refining existing approaches. GeoJournal, 2008, 71(1): 5~18.

[28] Malecki E J. The economic geography of the internet’s infrastructure. Economic Geography, 2002, 78(4): 399~424.

[29] Tranos E, Gillespie A. The spatial distribution of internet backbone networks in Europe. European Urban and Regional Studies, 2009, 16(4): 423~437.

[30] Smith D A, Timberlake M F. World city networks and Hierarchies, 1977~1997. American Behavioral Scientist, 2001, 44(10): 1656~1678.

[31] Matthiessen C W, Schwarz A W, Find S. World cities of scientific knowledge: Systems, networks and potential dynamics. An Analysis Based on Bibliometric Indicators. Urban Studies, 2010, 47(9): 1879~1897.

[32] Sonn J W, Storper M. The increasing importance of geographical proximity in knowledge production: An analysis of US patent citations, 1975~1997. Environment and Planning A, 2008, 40(5): 1020~1039.

[33] Maggioni M A, Nosvelli M, Uberti T E. Space versus networks in the geography of innovation: A European analysis. Papers in Regional Science, 2007, 86(3): 471~493.

[34] Taylor P J. The new geography of global civil society: NGOs in the world city network. Globalizations, 2004, 1(2): 265~277.

[35] Derudder B, Taylor P J. The cliquishness of world cities. Global Networks, 2005, 5 (1): 71~91.

[36] Hanssens H, Derudder B, Taylor P J, et al. The Changing Geography of Globalized Service Provision, 2000~2008,http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb331.html,2010-01-04.

[37] Orozco R A P, Derudder B. Determinants of dynamics in the world city network, 2000~2004. Urban Studies, 2010, 47(9): 1949~1967.

[38] Taylor P J, Aranya R. A global 'urban roller coaster’? Connectivity changes in the world city network, 2000~2004. Regional Studies, 2008, 42(1): 1~16.

[39] Derudder B, Taylor P, Ni P, et al. Pathways of change: Shifting connectivities in the world city network, 2000~2008. Urban Studies, 2010, 47(9): 1861~1877.

[40] Alderson A S, Beckfeld J. Globalization and the world city system: Preliminary results from a longitudinal dataset. In: Taylor P J, Derudder B, Saey P, et al.Cities in Globalization: Practices, Polices and Theories, London: Routledge,2007.

[41] Barabási A-L, Albert R. Emergence of scaling in random networks. Science, 1999, 286(15): 509~5113.

[42] Vinciguerra S, Frenken K, Valente M. The geography of internet Infrastructure: An evolutionary simulation approach based on preferential attachment. Urban Studies, 2010, 47(9): 1969~1984.

[43] Derudder B, Witlox F, Taylor P. U.S. cities in the world city network: Comparing their positions using global origins and destinations of airline Passengers. Urban Geography, 2007, 28(1): 74~91.

[44] Taylor P J, Evans D M, Hoyler M, et al. The UK space economy as practised by advanced producer service firms: Identifying two distinctive polycentric city-regional processes in contemporary Britain. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2009, 33(3): 700~718.

[45] Van Oort F, Burger M, Raspe O. On the economic foundation of the urban network paradigm: spatial integration, functional integration and economic complementarities within the Dutch randstad. Urban Studies, 2010, 47(4): 725~748.

[46] Batten D F. Network cities: Creative urban agglomerations for the 21st century. Urban Studies, 1995, 32(2): 313~327.

世界城市网络研究理论与方法及其对城市体系研究的启示

Review on world city studies and their implications in urban systems

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 12

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	初楠臣,张平宇,姜博. 基于日高铁流量视角的中国高速铁路网络空间特征[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(11): 2193-2205.
[2]	孟德友,冯兴华,文玉钊. 铁路客运视角下东北地区城市网络结构演变及组织模式探讨[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(7): 1339-1352.
[3]	王宁宁,陈锐,赵宇. 基于信息流的互联网信息空间网络分析[J]. 地理研究, 2016, 35(1): 137-147.
[4]	杜超,王姣娥. 南方航空网络空间格局及市场范围[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(7): 1319-1330.
[5]	潘峰华, 赖志勇, 葛岳静. 经贸视角下中国周边地缘环境分析——基于社会网络分析方法[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(4): 775-786.
[6]	王珏, 陈雯, 袁丰. 基于社会网络分析的长三角地区人口迁移及演化[J]. 地理研究, 2014, 33(2): 385-400.
[7]	莫辉辉, 王姣娥. 基于网络分析的区域铁路公司建构方法与实证[J]. 地理研究, 2012, 31(12): 2153-2161.
[8]	汪涛, Stefan HENNEMANN, Ingo LIEFNER, 李丹丹. 知识网络空间结构演化及对NIS建设的启示——以我国生物技术知识为例[J]. 地理研究, 2011, 30(10): 1861-1872.
[9]	李二玲, 李小建. 欠发达农区传统制造业集群的网络演化分析——以河南省虞城县南庄村钢卷尺产业集群为例[J]. 地理研究, 2009, 28(3): 738-750.
[10]	汪明峰, 宁越敏. 城市的网络优势——中国互联网骨干网络结构与节点可达性分析[J]. 地理研究, 2006, 25(2): 193-203.
[11]	庞效民. 关于中国世界城市发展条件与前景的初步研究[J]. 地理研究, 1996, 15(2): 67-73.
[12]	张晋, 王劲峰. 中国大渤海圈沿岸港口外向型经济腹地的划分模拟[J]. 地理研究, 1990, 9(2): 113-121.