关键词: 旅游扶贫, 矛盾, 社区居民, 态度分异, 内蒙古室韦村

Abstract: Due to the presence of beautiful scenery or unique customs amid economic difficulties, many poor rural communities in China use tourism development as a strategy to alleviate poverty. However, after successful marketing campaigns make them famous, increased numbers of tourists in these locations with more money often cause more conflicts between residents, which could prevent these villages from developing. This study takes the Russian minority village of Shiwei on the Chinese side of the Sino-Russian border as an example. For a deep understanding of the kinds of development dilemmas residents face and how residents' perception and attitudes are formed, qualitative and quantitative methods were applied in this study. The results of this study suggest three contradictions in residents' attitudes to tourism in Shiwei. First of all, tourism development has brought positive social and cultural benefits to Shiwei, but most residents have a negative perception of economic benefits mostly due to a rich-poor gap. Secondly, surprisingly, it appears that residents strongly support the development of tourism, but more wealth does not bring more happiness to them. In contrast, feelings of happiness are most associated with a sense of being in control of one's life, and preserving local culture and existing harmonious interpersonal relationships. This finding confirms results from previous studies. Thirdly, most residents have a high dependence on the government and a strong willingness to participate in the development of local tourism, despite their very low opinion of government policy. The findings also demonstrate that the three groups have different characteristics. According to the results of this study, China's Pro-Poor tourism policy should make adjustments in order to ensure sustainable development. Firstly, the goal of the Pro-Poor tourism policy is not only about the economy and a higher income, but also about the fair distribution of wealth and protection of the indigenous culture, both of which should be at their core support of poverty alleviation for residents' happiness. Secondly, the policy should respect the different characters of community residents and should be dynamic so as to continuously give more opportunities to more poor people.

Key words: PPT (Pro-Poor Tourism), contradictions, community residents, differentiation of the attitude, Shiwei village