地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2012, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 471-483.doi: 10.11821/yj2012030009

• 地表过程研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

近60年洞庭湖泊形态与水沙过程的互动响应

尹辉1,2, 杨波3, 蒋忠诚1, 曾发明3, 彭鹏3, 李景保3   

  1. 1. 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 桂林 541004;
    2. 惠州学院, 广东 惠州 516007;
    3. 湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院, 长沙 410081
  • 收稿日期:2011-04-10 修回日期:2011-09-23 出版日期:2012-03-20 发布日期:2012-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 杨波(1974- ),男,湖南张家界人,博士,副教授,主要从事遥感,水文等方面的研究。E-mail:yb@hunnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:尹辉(1983- ),男,桂林人,博士研究生,主要从事生态水土保持研究。E-mail:yinhui741852963@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(41071067);中国地质科学院开放课题(2002371110006);岩溶所所控项目(2011006)联合资助

Mutual effects between morphological characteristics and variations of flow-sediment process of Dongting Lake during 1951～2009

YIN Hui1,2, YANG Bo3, JIANG Zhong-cheng1, ZENG Fa-ming3, PENG Peng3, LI Jing-bao3   

  1. 1. Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China;
    2. Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, Guangdong, China;
    3. College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
  • Received:2011-04-10 Revised:2011-09-23 Online:2012-03-20 Published:2012-03-20

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摘要： 以历史文献、图件及1951～2009年长系水沙等资料为依据,对比分析洞庭湖形态与水沙过程的互动响应,结果表明:由于湖泊形态与水沙过程存在着相互作用的关系,近60年间,水沙过程以多种形式改变湖泊形态特征值,如湖盆结构破碎、解体,水深变浅以及湖面﹑湖容依次减少1840km2及130×108m3;同时湖泊形态特征值改变也引起水沙特性变异,在1951～2002年间湖盆蓄水量呈明显的增减波动,但同流量下汛期水位普遍抬高1.2～1.90m,西﹑南﹑东洞庭湖水位变幅依次增大1.61m、1.39m和1.35m,各主要水文站前5位最高洪水位排序的年份均出现在湖面积(容积)历史最低值,泥沙淤积率为70%以上;2003年6月三峡水库蓄水及"退田还湖"后,高、中水位下湖盆调蓄量有所减少,城陵矶丰、枯水位分别降低1.12m及0.35m,西湖区与东南湖区的泥沙输出比均呈增大趋势,泥沙淤积率减至35.9%。其互动响应机制,可概化为泥沙淤积循环→湖盆结构破碎、解体,湖面湖容缩小→水沙特性异变→改变湖泊形态→水沙特性变异的互动响应动态演进模式。

关键词: 洞庭湖泊形态, 水沙过程, 互动响应, 演进模式

Abstract: Based on historical references,maps and flow-sediment data from 1951 to 2009,mutual effects between the lake morphology and the flow-sediment process of Dongting Lake were comparatively analyzed.The results showed that the lake morphology interacted with the flow-sediment process so that the lake morphology characteristics were changed by the flow-sediment process in several ways.For example,the structure of the lake basin was disaggregated and broken up,the lake became shallow,and the acreage and cubage of the lake decreased by 1840 km2 and 130×108 m3 respectively.Meanwhile,flow-sediment specialties were also changed by the alteration of lake morphology.The water storage of lake basin showed the obvious increase-decrease fluctuation from 1951 to 2002;however,the water levels under the same flux in main flood periods rose by 1.2 m to 1.9 m generally,and the water levels of west,south and east Dongting Lake increased by 1.61 m,1.39 m and 1.35 m respectively.When the top 5 flood levels of each main hydrological station and the smallest acreage or cubage of the lake appeared at the same time,the silting rate would be over 70%.Due to the Three Gorges Reservoir's water storage and Returning Farmland to Lake Project,the storage amount of the lake basin under the high and middle water levels slightly decreased.The high and low water levels of Chenglingji hydrological station decreased by 1.12 m and 0.35 m respectively.Sediment output ratios of west and southeast lake showed an increasing tendency.The silting rate reduced to 35.9%.The mutual effect mechanism could be summarized as the pattern: sediment siltation→the disaggregation and the break of lake basin structures as well as the decrease of the lake acreage and cubage→the change of flow-sediment specialties→the alteration of lake morphology→the change of flow-sediment specialties.

Key words: morphology of Dongting Lake, the flow-sediment process, mutual effects, evolutionary patterns