地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2012, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 885-898.doi: 10.11821/yj2012050012

• 经济与区域发展 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国农业地理集聚格局演化及其机制

李二玲1,2, 庞安超1, 朱纪广2   

  1. 1. 河南大学黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心 开封 475001;
    2. 河南大学环境与规划学院 开封 475001
  • 收稿日期:2011-06-15 修回日期:2012-02-14 出版日期:2012-05-20 发布日期:2012-05-20
  • 作者简介:李二玲(1969- ),女,河南兰考人,河南大学区域发展与规划研究中心副教授,博士,研究方向为产业集聚与农区发展研究。E-mail:erlingli@126.Com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(41071080);河南省重点软科学招投标项目(102400410002);河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2011BJJ004);河南省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目(2010-JZ-022)

Analysis of the evolution path and mechanism of China's agricultural agglomeration and geographic pattern

LI Er-ling1,2, PANG An-chao1, ZHU Ji-guang2   

  1. 1. Research Center of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China;
    2. College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China
  • Received:2011-06-15 Revised:2012-02-14 Online:2012-05-20 Published:2012-05-20

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摘要： 通过对1981～2008年12类农作物种植重心、基尼系数、空间自相关和专业化指数的计算,探讨了中国(不包括港、澳、台地区)种植业的空间集聚格局及演化路径,并从演化经济地理视角构建分析框架探讨其演化机制。结果显示:(1)中国种植业整体上空间集聚程度逐渐增大,区域专业化和多样化程度逐步加强。(2)与制造业地理集聚总体呈现"南下东进"不同,种植业地理集聚逐步"南下西进",从东部省份向中西部省份转移,东北地区的三江平原和松嫩平原也是重要的集聚地,而昔日鱼米之乡的优势已逐渐下降。(3)农业地理集聚格局的演变经历了由自然集聚向社会集聚进而形成完善的农业生产体系的过程,其中,自然集聚的作用日益减少,而社会集聚作用逐步增加。技术创新、制度创新等社会变异步伐的加快,也将进一步推进农业的地理集聚和空间重构。

关键词: 农业地理集聚, 农业集群, 演化经济地理, 中国

Abstract: There have been few studies on the pattern of China's agricultural geographic concentration and mechanism of its evolution.Based on the calculation of barycenter coordinates,Gini coefficient,as well as spatial autocorrelation and specialization index of 12 crops in 1981-2008 in China,this paper analyses the spatial pattern and mechanism of agricultural agglomeration.It presents the following results.(1) Spatial concentration of China's planting gradually increased.At the same time regional specialization and regional diversification progressively strengthened.(2) China's planting transferred from the eastern provinces to the central and western provinces,for example,although the Sanjiang and Songnen plains were still important clustering areas,the significance of the former land of fish and rice gradually decreased.(3) Although the endowment of natural resources made the initial agricultural geographical pattern,the path creations caused by an accidental event or social variation revealed two important facts: opened the windows of local opportunity for the social agglomeration,and corrected and optimized the existing patterns of the natural agglomeration continuously.With the emergence of new enterprises or departments,the division of labor and their cooperation network arose,and the agricultural industrial clusters formed.If several paths were created simultaneously from different crops in different places,an organic and sustainable agricultural production system would form in the whole area.So,the evolution of agricultural geographic pattern experienced a process from the natural agglomeration to the social agglomeration with a perfect agricultural production system.In this process,the natural agglomeration plays a less important role than the social agglomeration.Technology and institution innovations would speed up the agricultural geographic concentration and spatial reconstruction.

Key words: agricultural geographical agglomeration, agricultural clusters, evolutionary economic geography, China