地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 607-616.doi: 10.11821/yj2013040003

• 气候与地表过程 • 上一篇    下一篇

1960-2010年中国西北地区水分盈亏量时空特征

姚晓军1,2, 张晓1, 孙美平1, 李净1, 王卫东1   

  1. 1. 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 兰州730070;
    2. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室, 兰州730000
  • 收稿日期:2012-04-15 修回日期:2012-11-18 出版日期:2013-04-10 发布日期:2013-04-10
  • 作者简介:姚晓军(1980- ),男,山西夏县人,博士研究生,讲师,主要从事GIS与冰冻圈变化方向研究。E-mail:xj_yao@nwnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC19B07);国家自然科学基金项目(41261016,41071044);西北师范大学青年教师科研能力提升计划项目(NWNU-LKQN-10-35)

patial-temporal characteristics of water deficit in Northwest China from 1960 to 2010

YAO Xiaojun1,2, ZHANG Xiao1, SUN Meiping1, LI Jing1, WANG Weidong1   

  1. 1. College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2012-04-15 Revised:2012-11-18 Online:2013-04-10 Published:2013-04-10

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摘要： 基于1960-2010年中国西北地区126个国家气象站点实测数据,应用Morlet小波函数、Kendall趋势系数、Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法分析西北地区水分盈亏量时空变化特征。结果表明:西北地区大部分区域水分盈亏量为负值,呈由东南和西北两侧向中部逐渐减小的空间格局。在研究时段内水分盈亏量总体呈上升趋势,但各季节水分盈亏量变化存在一定的差异性,其中春夏冬三个季节水分盈亏量呈上升趋势,而在秋季呈下降趋势。西北地区水分盈亏量变化存在3.5~5 a左右的主周期,其中夏季周期变化以强振荡为主,年际波动大,而其它三个季节以弱振荡周期为主。位于西风带气候区与高原气候区的站点水分盈亏量呈上升趋势,且多发生突变;水分盈亏量呈下降趋势的站点主要位于东南季风区及其边缘区。

关键词: 水分盈亏量, 时空特征, 突变检验, 周期特征, 西北地区

Abstract: Water shortage is the basic environmental problem in Northwest China.The awareness and understanding of water deficit which is calculated as the difference between precipitation and potential evaporation is important to realize the supply/demand situation and rational utilization of water resources.Based on observed data obtained from 126 national meteorological stations located in Northwest China during the period of 1960-2010,the spatial and temporal variations of water deficit over Northwest China were analyzed by the methods of Morlet wavelet function,Kendall correlation trend,Mann-Kendall abrupt test and so on.The results indicated that the water deficit was negative in most parts of Northwest China and gradually decreased from southeast and northwest area to the middle area.The linear tendency of annual water deficit was found to be an upward trend from 1960 to 2010. However,seasonal water deficit had some differences.In particular,water deficit displayed an upward trend in spring,summer and winter,and there was a downward trend in autumn.The primary period of water deficit variation was 3.5-5 years.The periodic change of water deficit strongly shook in summer and weakly shook in other seasons.The stations which had an upward trend of water deficit and abrupt change were mainly located in the westerlies climate zone and the plateau climate zone.And the stations which had a downward trend were mainly located in the southeast monsoon and its marginal regions.

Key words: water deficit, spatial-temporal characteristics, abrupt change test, periodic characteristics, Northwest China