Abstract: First, the spatial distribution of rainfall anomalies of Central-South China (23-34°N, 100-113°E) was examined by means of the empirical orthogonal function analysis. The data used in this paper are collected from 60 stations, monthly mean rainfall observations from April to October during the last 27 years (1953-1979). The monthly mean rainfall anomalies in Central-South China have been classified into fourteen types. The first four types ane characterized by the seasonal migration of the rain-belt,and each of the other types reflects a definite structure which can be easily interpreted with synoptic-climatological knowledge.Secondly, the correlation coefficients were calaulated to show the relationships between the rainfall and the discharge at the upper Changjiang for every month from April to October. The results show that regions in which correlation coefficients are higher than 0.37 (at 5% significant level) shift obviously with the season. The region or the socalled key region, in which rainfall is more important for the discharge, sometimes coincides with the variance centers of the first eigenvector and sometimes not. In most cases this key region is in accordance with the second eigenvector, or even the third eigenvector. It turns out that in spite of the close relation between the rainfall and the discharge at the upper Chang-Jiang, both of then are somewhat independent in their variations. So, we must pay more attention to the difference between them in studying the formation of discharge anomolies and in making long-range forecast of droughts and floods at the upper Chang-Jiang.