地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2005, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (5): 708-716.doi: 10.11821/yj2005050007

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

科尔沁沙地灌木对风沙土壤的生态效应

张华1, 何红1, 李锋瑞2, 张洪荣3   

  1. 1. 辽宁师范大学城市与环境学院, 大连 116029;
    2. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 兰州 730000;
    3. 兰州大学草地农业科技学院, 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2004-09-19 修回日期:2005-03-22 出版日期:2005-10-15 发布日期:2005-10-15
  • 作者简介:张华(1965-),女,山东东明人,副教授,理学博士。主要从事土壤地理学、植物地理学教学工作及 恢复生态学研究工作。
  • 基金资助:

    国家社会科学基金项目(05BJY024);中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所知识创新工程项目(210097)

Study on ecological effects of several shrubs on sandy soils in Horqin Sandy Land

ZHANG Hua1, HE Hong1, LI Feng-rui2, ZHANG Hong-rong3   

  1. 1. College of Urban and Environment Sciences,Liaoning Normal Univer sity,Dalian 116029,China;
    2. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute,CAS,Lanzhou 730000,China;
    3. College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2004-09-19 Revised:2005-03-22 Online:2005-10-15 Published:2005-10-15

PDF (PC)

赞

被引次数

64 | 9

摘要：

对科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿、差巴嘎蒿和黄柳灌木阻固沙尘和保育土壤的生态效应进行了野外定株观测研究。结果表明:⑴小叶锦鸡儿阻固沙尘的能力很强,单株灌木基部的平均积沙（尘）量为0.49m3,分别是差巴嘎蒿和黄柳的3倍和16倍。⑵每一灌木种的冠幅直径、基部分枝数和分枝直径均与灌木基部的积沙（尘）量有显著的正相关关系,其中冠幅直径对积沙（尘）量的影响最大,决定系数为0.18～0.58（P<0.05,n=30）。⑶三种灌木对土壤有机质、全P、全N和速效P都有不同程度的富集作用,其中对土壤有机质的富集作用更为明显;不同灌木种间,小叶锦鸡儿对土壤有机质和全N的富集作用略大于差巴嘎蒿和黄柳。

关键词: 沙地灌木, 阻固沙尘, 土壤物理特性, 土壤养分富集, 生态效应

Abstract:

In this study, we examined the pedoe co logical effects of three shrub species that occur generally in shifting, semi-s hifting and semi-fixed sand lands in the Horqin Sandy Land. Several important conclusions were drawn from this study. （1） There were significant differences in the interception and retention of sand and aeolian dust among three shrub spe cies. Of the three shrubs, the mean amount of the interception and retention of sand and aeolian dust perplant was the greatest （0.49 m3） in Caragana microphylla, followed by Artemisia halodendrom （0.16 m3） and Salix gordejvii （0.03 m3）. Regression analyses showed that the sediment a mount of sand and aeolian dust perplant was positively and significantly correl ated with its average canopy （accounting for 18-58% of the variance）, branching number （accounting for 16-31% of the variance） and shoot diameter （accounting for 14-17% of the variance）. （2） All three shrubs exhibited significant effects of "island of fertility", i.e. the soils under shrub canopies were significa ntly higher in nutrient availability than those beyond shrub canopies. Such effects may create a nutrient-rich substrate, thus providing a better environment for further invasion and establishment of other plant species on bare sandy land . The effects of "inland of fertility" varied markedly with the type of shrubs pecies. Of the three shrubs examined, Caragana microphylla had the greatest "fertile island" effect, followed by Artemisia halodendrom and Salix gord ejvii, largely because of significantly higher levels of organic matter, total N and available P in soils （0-20 cm） under the Caragana microphylla canopies than those under Artemisia halodendrom and Salix gordejvii canopies. Shrubs differed appreciably in accumulation efficiency of different nutrients. For example, the accumulation efficiencies of organic matter, total P, available P and total N in soils under shrub canopies averaged 1.20-1.44, 1.08-1.2 3, 1.11-1.36 and 1.17-1.40. （3） Wind direction appeared not to influence the spatial distribution of soil physical properties, but showed an effect on the spatial distribution of organic matter content. Organic matter contents in soils at the SE and NE directions of the shrubs were somewhat higher than the other directions.

Key words: shrubs, sand and dust retention, soil properties, nutrient enrichment, ecological effect