Abstract: Mountainous and hilly regions cover a vast area of China. The mountainous topography is complex and various. Much differences in their landforms, altitudes, direction and slope resulted in much differences in the topographic microclimate, which would control the distribution of vegetations and soils, and thus it is not suitable to grow temperature demanded crops (such as citrus and, tea plants) in the unfavourable microclimatic conditions at the north and the middle subtropical areas in China, This paper summarizes the investigation on the survey of the topographic microclimate in China since mid-1950's. The primary content is as follows.(1) The influence of slope orientation (direction and slope) on the microclimate. The main character of the microclimate in the mountainous and hilly region in the changes of sunshine, radiant flux, temperature, precipitation and other meteorological elements with the slope orientation,(2) The influence of undulating country (top of a mountain, mountain slope, mountain valley) on the microclimate,(3) The influence of surrounding topography in a small scale region on the microclimate. Four types of the surrounding topography are studied according to their influences on minimum temperature and wind speed for both ra-diational and advectional weathers,(4) The influence of composition among hills on the microclimate,(5) A study of the topography inversion. Some regularities of the vertical distributions of the meteorological elements in the major mountainous and hilly region in China were found out,(6) The influence of special topography (such as a horseshoe shape topography) on the microclimate.As a result, we must select different species of crops and plants to suit the various microclimate conditions respectively, and to develop the diversified agriculture and forest in the mountainous and hilly regions in China.