旅游开发影响下民族社区文化记忆的代际传承——以西安回民街历史文化街区为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj020200865

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在旅游开发背景下,目的地社区文化记忆的代际延续与传承对居民的地方认同具有重要意义。本文借助文化记忆媒介的理论框架,依托23位本地居民的深度访谈,探究旅游影响下代际间记忆传承的时空媒介信息与延续性要素。研究发现：① 在旅游开发影响下,虽然新一代与老一代居民在文化记忆空间的认知与表述上存在差异性,但记忆媒介在旅游发展中的保留与存在,依然对构建居民地方认同的连续性发挥着积极作用。② 记忆媒介力量的发挥需要人-地-叙事的互动与共在。清真寺、家、以及背街小巷中的老餐馆等空间作为代际之地,既是父辈与子辈共享共同回忆的交往空间,也是居民在不断发展的旅游情境中寻找连接当下与过去的重要情感媒介。③ 由记忆媒介建构的记忆的延续性可以强化认同在时间上持续性与空间上的一致性,并对社区群体建立文化的凝聚力与自信力具有触发性。

关键词: 旅游开发, 代际居民, 文化记忆媒介, 记忆传承, 回民街

Abstract:

Under the background of tourism development, the changes in Xi′an′s Huimin historical and cultural district are causing a reconstruction in the cultural memory of local residents amidst the urban planning of historical and cultural streets. Aside from its role as part of the city′s historical and cultural tourism area, Huimin street is a residential neighbourhood comprising many residents who have their everyday experiences and daily cultural memory associated with living in this particular area. Given that the vast majority of the inheritors of cultural memory is the local residents who have lived in this area for generations, the changes made to their social and cultural memory of shared community space as a result of tourism development is therefore of great significance and relevance to them, their families and their overall local identities. Based on the theoretical framework of cultural memory and using in-depth interviews of 23 local residents, this paper explores the resultant changes in intergenerational cultural memory as a result of tourism development. Our research findings show that: (1) Tourism development creates distinctive differences in the collective cultural memories amongst the older and younger generations. Despite the differences in the inherited cultural memory, these collective memory still plays a crucial role in linking the past and the present to influence the residents′ social and cultural identification within the district. (2) The resiliency and strength of cultural memory is dependent on the depth and extent of the personal, cultural and social interactions between places, people and events. Significant local landmarks such as Qingzhensi, the long-standing restaurants in the neighbourhood′s alleys, residents′ personal homes amongst other intergenerational shared spaces are spatially important for generations of parents and children to share memories, which represent an enduring connection between the olden times and the present in the ongoing tourism development of Huimin Street. (3) The commonalities in cultural memory can strengthen residents’ social and personal identity and foster stronger community bonds even while they face drastic changes in their key surroundings as a result of the sweeping effects of tourism development.

Key words: tourism development, intergenerational residents, cultural memory, intetrgenerational memory, Huimin Street

郭云娇, 王嫣然, 罗秋菊. 旅游开发影响下民族社区文化记忆的代际传承——以西安回民街历史文化街区为例[J]. 地理研究, 2021, 40(3): 869-884.

GUO Yunjiao, WANG Yanran, LUO Qiuju. Remembering the past and the present together: Intergenerational cultural memory amidst tourism development in Huimin historical and cultural district[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2021, 40(3): 869-884.

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类别	说明	编号	性别	年龄	职业	民族	居住地
新一代： NY01-NY12	出生在20世纪80年代—21世纪千禧一代的本地人	NY01	男	80后	民宿老板	汉	目前居住在回民街
		NY02	男	90后	民宿老板	汉	一直居住在回民街
		NY03	男	80后	个体户	汉	目前居住在回民街
		NY04	男	00后	学生	汉	一直居住在回民街
		NY05	男	90后	书店老板	回	童年居住在回民街
		NY06	女	90后	学生	汉	童年居住在回民街
		NY07	男	90后	学生	汉	童年居住在回民街
		NY08	女	90后	学生	汉	童年居住在回民街
		NY09	女	90后	学生	回	一直居住在回民街
		NY10	女	80后	国企职工	回	一直居住在回民街
		NY11	男	80后	国企职工	回	一直居住在回民街
		NY12	女	80后	国企职工	汉	目前居住在回民街
老一代： NZ01-NZ11	出生在20世纪40年代—70年代的本地人	NZ01	男	50后	寺院工作人员	回	一直居住在回民街
		NZ02	女	70后	国企职工	回	一直居住在回民街
		NZ03	男	70后	国企职工	回	一直居住在回民街
		NZ04	男	40后	个体户	回	一直居住在回民街
		NZ05	女	70后	书店老板	汉	目前居住在回民街
		NZ06	男	60后	退休职工	汉	一直居住在回民街
		NZ07	男	40后	退休职工	汉	童年居住在回民街
		NZ08	女	30后	大学老教师	汉	目前居住在回民街
		NZ09	男	70后	个体户	回	一直居住在回民街
		NZ10	男	60后	回坊寺庙阿訇	回	一直居住在回民街
		NZ11	男	70后	个体户	回	一直居住在回民街