中国种植业专业化发展的时空格局研究

doi:10.11821/dlyj020180353

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the specialized calculation of planting industry development from 1978 to 2017 in China, the paper reviews and evaluates the temporal and spatial features of Chinese planting industry, divides the development of Chinese planting industry into several stages by using cluster analysis creatively, and summarizes the development characteristics of each stage. The main contents and results are summed up as follows: (1) The specialization coefficient of the planting industry (FR_i) increases gradually in each Province (Municipality, Municipality); compared to the national average of specialization coefficient, Northeast China and Eastern China with higher value of specialization coefficient also grow faster, Central China and Southeast China are just the opposite, and Northwest China closes to the foundation and growth rate of national average. (2) The planting areas for sugar crop, grain, cotton, vegetable, oil crop and fruit accounts for more than 91% of the total planting area of crops in China, so it is representative and feasible to choose these 6 agricultural crops as the research object. Location coefficient of the six agricultural products(FI_j) increases in different degrees, while grain, cotton and oil crop grow faster and sugar crop, fruit, vegetable more slowly. Sugar crop is highly localized agricultural product, while cotton and fruit are characterized by highly localized agricultural products long term; grain, vegetable and oil crop belongs to agricultural product with low localization. (3) National specialization coefficient of planting industry (F_mn) keeps steady and slow growth with the average annual growth of 2. 83%, comparing with the total annual agricultural output value about 10. 66%. (4) The characteristics of policy system and emphases of Chinese planting industry are different in each development stage. It could be divided into four stages of planting industry development in China from 1978 to 2017, namely, the first stage from 1978 to 1983 characterized by laying the institutional foundation, the second stage from 1984 to 1995 characterized by steady recovery and expansion, the third stage from 1996 to 2014 with the in-depth phase of market-oriented reform and industrialization, the fourth stage from 2015 to 2017 accompanied by reforming and innovation of pursuing all-round development. This paper, meaning important guiding significance for sorting out Chinese planting industry development since the reform and opening-up, can provide reference for the development of relevant policies for specialization of planting industry.

Key words: planting industry, specialization, spatio-temporal pattern, stage division, China

Wulin WANG, Cuichan YU, Wei SHUI, Pinqi WU, Qianfeng WANG. Research on spatio-temporal pattern of specialized development of Chinese planting industry[J].GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(5): 1265-1279.

Figures/Tables 9

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一级指标	二级指标（变量）	一级指标	二级指标（变量）	一级指标	二级指标（变量）
专业化	F_mn（X₁）	规模	农作物总播种面积（X₈）	效率	农业总产值占比（X₁₅）
	糖料FI_j（X₂）		糖料产量（X₉）		农业总产值增长率（X₁₆）
	粮食FI_j（X₃）		粮食产量（X₁₀）		农产品生产价格指数（X₁₇）
	棉花FI_j（X₄）		棉花产量（X₁₁）		农村固定资产投资占GDP的比重（X₁₈）
	蔬菜FI_j（X₅）		蔬菜产量（X₁₂）		农民人均农作物总播种面积（X₁₉）
	油料FI_j（X₆）		油料产量（X₁₃）		农民人均农业机械总动力（X₂₀）
	水果FI_j（X₇）		水果产量（X₁₄）		农民人均纯收入（X₂₁）

地区	1978年	1986年	1994年	2002年	2010年	2017年	总变化率（%）	年均增长率（%）
东北地区	0.075	0.107	0.152	0.149	0.180	0.193	157.33	2.45
中部地区	0.057	0.060	0.081	0.093	0.102	0.112	96.49	1.75
东部地区	0.064	0.077	0.111	0.185	0.182	0.231	260.94	3.35
西北地区	0.060	0.082	0.142	0.171	0.178	0.194	223.33	3.05
西南地区	0.064	0.076	0.094	0.114	0.108	0.153	139.06	2.26
中国平均	0.063	0.077	0.112	0.147	0.151	0.182	188.89	2.76

地方化	糖料	粮食	棉花	蔬菜	油料	水果
高度地方化	1978—2017年	―	1979—2017年	―	―	1978年,1984—1993年,1995—2013年,2015—2017年
中度地方化	―	―	1978年	―	―	1979—1983年,1994年,2014年
低度地方化	―	1978—2017年	―	1978—2017年	1978—2017年	―

公因子	特征值	解释比例（%）	总解释比例（%）
Fac_1	13.943	66.397	66.397
Fac_2	2.324	11.067	77.465
Fac_3	1.544	7.351	84.816
Fac_4	1.088	5.182	89.998

指标	变量	共性方差	Fac_1 因子载荷	Fac_2 因子载荷	Fac_3 因子载荷	Fac_4 因子载荷
F_mn	X₁	0.967	0.916	0.214	0.276	-0.082
糖料FI_j	X₂	0.905	0.876	0.343	0.141	-0.010
粮食FI_j	X₃	0.945	0.870	0.382	0.162	-0.130
棉花FI_j	X₄	0.827	0.606	0.296	0.604	-0.089
蔬菜FI_j	X₅	0.700	0.209	0.608	0.534	-0.054
油料FI_j	X₆	0.940	0.822	0.387	0.325	-0.098
水果FI_j	X₇	0.885	0.283	-0.021	0.891	-0.103
农作物总播种面积	X₈	0.946	0.765	0.515	0.213	-0.221
糖料产量	X₉	0.811	0.873	0.018	0.219	0.028
粮食产量	X₁₀	0.909	0.851	0.259	0.335	-0.082
棉花产量	X₁₁	0.805	0.889	-0.094	-0.039	0.061
蔬菜产量	X₁₂	0.978	0.894	0.339	0.204	-0.147
油料产量	X₁₃	0.935	0.922	0.165	0.204	-0.126
水果产量	X₁₄	0.967	0.873	0.430	0.140	-0.028
农业总产值占比	X₁₅	0.916	-0.929	0.104	-0.202	0.004
农业总产值增长率	X₁₆	0.870	0.007	-0.188	-0.091	0.909
农产品生产价格指数	X₁₇	0.888	-0.120	-0.017	-0.047	0.934
农村固定资产投资占GDP的比重	X₁₈	0.885	-0.064	-0.931	0.037	0.109
农民人均农作物总播种面积	X₁₉	0.858	0.312	0.865	0.067	-0.090
农民人均农业机械总动力	X₂₀	0.986	0.900	0.384	0.158	-0.061
农民人均纯收入	X₂₁	0.976	0.702	0.584	0.368	-0.081

Research on spatio-temporal pattern of specialized development of Chinese planting industry

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年份	丛集	年份	丛集	年份	丛集	年份	丛集	年份	丛集
1978	2	1986	4	1994	4	2002	3	2010	3
1979	2	1987	4	1995	4	2003	3	2011	3
1980	2	1988	4	1996	3	2004	3	2012	3
1981	2	1989	4	1997	3	2005	3	2013	3
1982	2	1990	4	1998	3	2006	3	2014	3
1983	2	1991	3	1999	3	2007	3	2015	1
1984	4	1992	4	2000	3	2008	3	2016	1
1985	4	1993	4	2001	3	2009	3	2017	1

[1]	ZHANG Fan,NING Yuemin,LOU Xiyang. Competitiveness and regional inequality of China’s mega-city regions [J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(7): 1664-1677.
[2]	PAN Jinghu,LAI Jianbo. Research on spatial pattern of population mobility among cities: A case study of "Tencent Migration" big data in "National Day-Mid-Autumn Festival" vacation [J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(7): 1678-1693.
[3]	LI Luqi,KONG Xiang,LI Yiman,XUYANG Bowen. The selection of the strategic pivot in China-Central Asia cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative [J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(7): 1705-1719.
[4]	HU Shuhong,DU Debin,FAN Peilei. R&D globalization of Chinese companies: Spatial-temporal pattern and influencing factors of location selection [J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(7): 1733-1748.
[5]	ZENG Tonggang,ZHAO Yuan. Spatial and temporal evolution of the undertakings for the elderly and spatial mismatch of economy in China [J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(6): 1497-1511.
[6]	HU Meijuan,LI Zaijun,DING Zhengshan,ZHOU Nianxing,SHEN Yichen. The spatio-temporal heterogeneity and driving mechanism of China's water transfer from agriculture to non-agriculture [J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(6): 1542-1554.
[7]	YAN Mei,LI Guoping,HUANG Jinchuan. Measurement and spatial disparities of regional Purchasing Power Parity in China [J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(6): 1451-1463.
[8]	Yang ZHOU, Yuanzhi GUO, Yansui LIU. Areal types and their development paths in rural China [J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(3): 467-481.
[9]	Yuanzhi GUO, Yang ZHOU, Yue HAN. Population aging in rural China: Spatial-temporal pattern and countermeasures for rural revitalization [J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(3): 667-683.
[10]	Wei QI, Kaiyong WANG. City administrative area and physical area in China: Spatial differences and integration strategies [J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(2): 207-220.
[11]	Binyan WANG, Shijun WANG, Junfeng TIAN, Feilong HAO. Spatial-temporal characteristics of innovation output and its influencing factors of the key industries in China [J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(2): 259-272.
[12]	Zhouying SONG, Lei KANG, Yi LIU. Spatio-temporal analysis of provincial input-output efficiency in China [J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(2): 326-336.
[13]	Jie FAN, Rui GUO. Re-recognition of precondition and driving mechanism of new-type urbanization [J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(1): 3-12.
[14]	Qiwen CAO, Chao BAO, Chaolin GU, Weihua GUAN. China's urbanization SD modelling and simulation based on water resource constraints [J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(1): 167-180.
[15]	Jianfa SHEN. Migration, floating population and urbanization in China: Realities, theories, and strategies [J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(1): 33-44.