城市居民压力源对幸福感的影响研究——基于乡村旅游休闲参与的角度

doi:10.11821/dlyj020180660

Abstract

Abstract:

In recent years, the well-being of residents has attracted increasing attention from the public. Previous studies have focused on the impact of large-scale space environment on urban residents' well-being by analyzing the natural environment, social and humanistic environment and the process of urbanization. Few studies have conducted research on the mechanism of urban residents' well-being from the perspective of rural tourism. Based on SEM, this study explores how rural tourism and leisure involvement enhance well-being of urban residents who are under multidimensional stress. SEM shows that: (1) Stressor has a significant positive impact on the adjustment strategy, but not significant to leisure involvement. The impact on different groups is significant. Stress adjustment has a significant positive effect on leisure involvement. (2) Leisure involvement has a significant positive relationship with flow experience and well-being. Flow experience has a significant positive impact on wellbeing. (3) Flow experience has a significant positive impact on leisure benefits, which then have a positive impact on well-being. (4) Flow experience has a significant mediating effect on leisure involvement and well-being. Leisure benefits have a significant mediating effect on flow experience and well-being. (5) There are significant differences in stress adjustment, leisure involvement and well-being among different tourist groups.

Key words: stressor, leisure involvement, well-being, rural tourism, urban residents

Yuangang ZHANG, IpKin Anthony WONG, Jingjing CHENG, Xiangyang YU, Xi CHEN. The influence of multidimensional deconstruction of stressors on enhancing urban residents' well-being: From the perspective of rural tourism and leisure involvement[J].GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(4): 971-987.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Characteristics of the samples (N=405)"

变量	类别	数量	百分比(%)	变量	类别	数量	百分比(%)
性别	男	221	54.6	职业	公务员	75	18.5
	女	184	45.4		企事业工作人员	85	21.0
婚姻	已婚	254	62.7		专业/文教人员	118	29.1
	单身	151	37.3		服务销售人员	65	16.0
子女	有	182	44.9		其他	62	15.4
	无	223	55.1	月薪(元)	$≤$ 2000	58	14.3
年龄(岁)	$≤$ 30	25	6.2		2001~5000	116	28.6
	31~40	146	36		5001~7000	103	25.4
	41~50	132	32.6		7001~10000	56	13.8
	$≥$ 51岁	102	25.2		$≥$ 10001	72	17.9
教育程度	高中及以下	65	16.0	逗留天数(天)	1	186	45.9
	专科	121	29.9		2~3	156	38.5
	本科	149	36.8		>3	63	15.6
	硕士及以上	70	17.3

Tab. 1

Tab.2

Tab. 3

Results of confirmatory factor analysis"

变量	指标	标准化因素负荷量	SMC	t-value	Cronbach's a	CR	AVE
个人压力	工作时间长	0.786^***	0.618	-	0.856	0.919	0.653
	休息时间不足	0.808^***	0.653	12.686
	工作时间不定	0.832^***	0.692	12.452
	饮食习惯改变	0.819^***	0.671	11.096
	工作倦怠	0.795^***	0.632	11.865
	忧心个人健康	0.809^***	0.654	10.985
家庭压力	子女相关问题	0.854^***	0.729	-	0.898	0.905	0.760
	与家人相处	0.865^***	0.748	13.232
	家中生活改变	0.895^***	0.801	11.754
经济压力	投资风险大	0.832^***	0.692	-	0.865	0.871	0.692
	拥有财务压力	0.845^***	0.714	15.334
	经济状况	0.819^***	0.671	12.086
工作压力	与同事相处困扰	0.892^***	0.796	-	0.821	0.912	0.776
	工作环境	0.875^***	0.766	10.696
	工作排班	0.876^***	0.767	12.889
变量	指标	标准化因素负荷量	SMC	t-value	Cronbach's a	CR	AVE
压力源	个人压力	0.809^***	0.654	-	0.901	0.914	0.727
	家庭压力	0.839^***	0.704	11.136
	经济压力	0.862^***	0.743	13.021
	工作压力	0.898^***	0.806	12.395
压力调适	工作上问题是别人造成的	0.884^***	0.781	-	0.854	0.946	0.746
	以发脾气等方式来调适自己	0.897^***	0.805	10.354
	将问题抛给别人帮忙解决	0.919^***	0.845	13.654
	与面临相同情境者交换意见	0.786^***	0.618	12.897
	凡是皆能迎刃而解	0.808^***	0.653	12.098
	从家人或朋友处寻找安慰与支持	0.879^***	0.773	16.175
休闲参与	参与乡村旅游体能活动	0.898^***	0.806	-	0.889	0.920	0.794
	参与乡村旅游社交活动	0.909^***	0.826	11.321
	参与乡村旅游让心灵平静活动	0.865^***	0.748	9.787
休闲效益	乡村旅游休闲对身体健康有帮助	0.856^***	0.733	-	0.885	0.942	0.699
	乡村旅游休闲对减轻疲劳有帮助	0.892^***	0.796	12.492
	乡村旅游休闲对纾解压力有帮助	0.812^***	0.659	10.831
	乡村旅游休闲让我忘却烦恼	0.834^***	0.696	15.885
	乡村旅游休闲认识新朋友	0.798^***	0.637	12.695
	乡村旅游休闲增加朋友对我的认同感	0.805^***	0.648	8.955
	乡村旅游休闲建立良好的人际关系	0.852^***	0.726	9.121
心流体验	我感觉完全被当地景色迷住了	0.832^***	0.692	-	0.895	0.933	0.735
	乡村旅游休闲时间似乎过很快	0.849^***	0.721	9.545
	乡村旅游时没有什么事是重要的	0.912^***	0.832	13.365
	乡村旅游时,我不会特意去注意时间	0.858^***	0.736	14.545
	乡村旅游让我有美好的体验	0.832^***	0.692	15.652
生活满意	我的生活状况很好	0.892^***	0.796	-	0.819	0.872	0.632
	我已经获得了生命中重要的东西	0.732^***	0.536	12.356
	若生活重新开始,不会有变化	0.709^***	0.503	10.986
	我对我现在的生活很满意	0.832^***	0.692	13.565
积极情绪	过去三个月经常有幸福的感觉	0.865^***	0.748	-	0.885	0.910	0.716
	过去三个月经常有快乐的感觉	0.845^***	0.714	9.898
	过去三个月经常感到满意	0.856^***	0.733	12.932
	过去三个月感觉很享受	0.819^***	0.671	10.956
消极情绪	过去三个月里经常感到悲伤	0.859^***	0.738	-	0.856	0.908	0.713
	过去的三个月经常感到不快乐	0.862^***	0.743	12.656
	过去的三个月经常感到愤怒	0.838^***	0.702	10.545
	过去的三个月经常感到焦虑	0.817^***	0.667	12.785
幸福感	生活满意	0.821^***	0.674	-	0.845	0.864	0.678
	积极情绪	0.835^***	0.697	7.009
	消极情绪	0.815^***	0.664	11.535

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Fig. 2

Tab. 6

Tab. 7

Tab. 8

Comparison of demographic effect on stress adjustment, leisure participation, flow experience and well-being"

变项	组别	压力调适		休闲参与		幸福感
变项	组别	平均值	t值或F值	平均值	t值或F值	平均值	t值或F值
性别	男	4.219	3.655^***	2.822	-4.212^***	2.806	-5.932^***
	女	3.565		2.985		3.119
婚姻	已婚	4.151	5.432^***	2.821	-7.196^***	2.851	-6.421^***
	单身	3.808		3.154		3.156
子女	有	4.195	1.549	2.712	-6.321^***	2.768	-5.716^***
	无	3.995		3.052		3.195
年龄(岁)	$≤$ 30	4.021	7.332^*	2.919	6.395^*	2.821	7.956^***
	31~40	4.119		2.742		2.786
	41~50	3.895		2.995		2.954
	$≥$ 51	3.894		2.896		3.419
教育程度	高中及以下	3.985	5.245^*	2.864	1.392	2.954	4.354^*
	专科	4.045		2.821		2.865
	本科	4.196		2.865		2.821
	硕士及以上	4.415		3.219		3.095
职业	公务员	4.121	6.954^*	3.186	7.499^*	2.849	1.695
	企事业工作人员	4.086		3.419		2.854
	专业/文教人员	4.019		3.072		2.889
	服务销售人员	3.721		3.356		2.909
	其他	3.209		2.909		2.895
月薪(元)	$≤$ 2000	4.045	7.165^*	2.654	6.852^**	2.988	5.891^**
	2001~5000	4.021		2.856		2.895
	5001~7000	4.086		2.958		2.809
	7001~10000	4.121		3.145		2.485
	$≥$ 10001	4.015		2.772		3.054

Tab. 8

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压力源（幸福感）的二阶验证因素分析	χ²	χ²/df	GFI	RFI	CFI	RMSEA
Null model	3219.219(3018.917)	16.895(15.723)	0.321(0.319)	0.121(0.197)	0.192(0.185)	0.321(0.354)
一阶一因子分析	1219.321(1021.977)	5.754(5.723)	0.686(0.640)	0.548(0.517)	0.785(0.717)	0.121(0.191)
一阶四（三）因子模式（因素之间无相关）	1295.985(1209.121)	5.982(6.117)	0.695(0.656)	0.595(0.532)	0.795(0.745)	0.119(0.182)
一阶四（三）因子模式（因素之间有相关）	448.891(179.656)	2.986(3.054)	0.898(0.919)	0.838(0.912)	0.945(0.978)	0.054(0.071)
二阶因子模式	458.989(187.566)	2.565(2.897)	0.896(0.934)	0.839(0.905)	0.941(0.963)	0.054(0.071)

评价指标	拟合指标		指标要求	研究结果
绝对配适度指标	配适度指标	GFI	>0.9	0.919
	均方根残差	RMR	<0.05	0.032
	近似误差均方根	RMSEA	<0.08	0.065
相对配适度指标	规范配适度指标	NFI	>0.9	0.945
	非规范配适度指标	NNFI	>0.9	0.965
	比较配适度指标	CFI	>0.9	0.949
简效适配指标	简效规范配适度指标	PNFI	>0.5	0.632
	简效良性配适度指标	PGFI	>0.5	0.565
	规范卡方（Normed chi-square）	χ²/df	<3	2.654

假设路径关系	标准化路径系数	t	P	检验结果
H1：压力源→压力调适	0.416	11.395	***	支持假设
H2：压力源→休闲参与	0.105	1.465	0.085	不支持
H3：压力调适→休闲参与	0.619	16.656	***	支持假设
H4：休闲参与→心流体验	0.456	10.995	***	支持假设
H5：心流体验→幸福感	0.321	10.556	***	支持假设
H6：休闲参与→幸福感	0.632	16.565	***	支持假设
H8：心流体验→休闲效益	0.296	8.932	***	支持假设
H9：休闲效益→幸福感	0.556	12.221	***	支持假设

路径	点估计值	路径乘积关系		Bootstrapping 5000次
		路径乘积关系		Bias-Corrected 95% CI		Percentile 95% CI
		标准误（SE）	Z	Lower	Upper	Lower	Upper	P
间接效果
休闲参与→心流体验→幸福感	0.496	0.082	6.049	0.217	0.665	0.212	0.656	***
心流体验→休闲效益→幸福感	0.332	0.065	5.108	0.154	0.809	0.152	0.805	***
直接效果
休闲参与→幸福感	0.466	0.056	8.321	0.195	0.656	0.185	0.645	***
心流体验→幸福感	0.217	0.032	6.781	0.132	0.717	0.121	0.705	***
总效果
休闲参与→幸福感	0.962	0.049	19.632	0.495	0.986	0.492	0.985	***
休闲参与→幸福感	0.540	0.045	12.200	0.445	0.865	0.432	0.859	***

The influence of multidimensional deconstruction of stressors on enhancing urban residents' well-being: From the perspective of rural tourism and leisure involvement

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