非首都功能疏解背景下批发市场商户的搬迁意愿及区位再选择因素——以北京市动物园服装批发市场为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj020190678

Abstract

Abstract:

In the background of transformation and development of China's cities, controlling the excessive growth of city size by means of relocating the non-core function from megacity behemoth has become an important research topic in urban geography. As the capital, Beijing bears not only the general function of city, but also the special function of the capital because of its special political status. To a certain extent, the non-capital function proposed by Beijing also belongs to the category of non-core function, which can contribute to the function dispersion of other mega-cities through the study of Beijing. Taking the Zoo Wholesale Market as an example, with the help of questionnaires and in-depth interviews, this paper investigates the relocation intention and influencing factors of merchants by Ordered Probit Model. The results show that: (1) from the perspective of the impact of non-capital function dispersion, 66.38% of the merchants think that dispersion has a great impact on the business operation of shops. (2) The willingness of wholesale market merchants to relocation is very low, only 12.07% of the merchants agree to be relocated, and the unwilling and extreme unwilling to relocate account for 37.07% and 31.03% of all the samples, respectively. (3) From the perspective of the factors influencing the willingness of wholesale market merchants to relocate, seven factors, i.e., logistics, brand effect, the impact of relocation news, education, relocation plan, number of employees and rent, significantly affect the relocation intention of merchants. Logistics conditions and agglomeration brand effect are the most important factors affecting the relocation intention of merchants in the wholesale market. (4) From the point of view of relocation location re-selection, the most desirable place for relocation is other large wholesale markets in Beijing. Traffic and logistics, rent and other operating costs are the main conditions for the new location selection, and the preferential policies of relocation location are not highly concerned.

Key words: non-capital function dispersion, relocation willingness, Ordered Probit Model, influencing factor, the Zoo Wholesale Market in Beijing

YANG Chengfeng, HAN Huiran, SONG Jinping. Relocation willingness and influencing factors of wholesale market merchants in the background of non-capital function dispersion: A case study of the Zoo Wholesale Market in Beijing[J].GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2020, 39(8): 1755-1768.

Figures/Tables 7

Tab. 1

Fig. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Definition of independent variable and its expected impact"

变量		变量含义	样本均值	标准差	预期影响
因变量：商铺搬迁意愿	意愿	0=不愿意(包括问卷中一般、不愿意、非常不愿意);1=愿意(包括问卷中非常愿意、愿意)	0.12	0.33
解释变量1：商户属性特征	性别	1=男;2=女	1.54	0.50	-
	年龄	1=25岁以下;2=26~35岁;3=36~45岁;4=46~55岁;5=56~60岁;6=61岁以上	2.12	0.94	-
	户籍	1=京籍;2=非京籍	1.91	0.29	+
	学历	1=初中及以下;2=高中及中专;3=大专;4=本科;5=研究生及以上	1.97	0.73	-
	个人月收入	1=3000元以下;2=3000~4999元;3=5000~6999元;4=7000~8999元;5=9000~10000元;6=10000元以上	3.03	1.50	-
	家庭构成	1=单身独住;2=单身和父母同住;3=夫妻独住;4=夫妻和父母同住;5=夫妻携子女居住;6=三代以上同住;7=其他	3.37	1.79	-
解释变量2：商铺特征	面积	商铺面积(m²)	18.76	21.31	+
	员工	商铺的员工数(人)	2.43	1.63	-
	经营年数	商铺的经营年数(年)	5.30	3.80	-
	租金	商铺单位面积月租金(元/m²/月)	1798.94	2201.23	+
	资金来源	商铺成立时资金来源：1=自身积累;2=银行等机构贷款;3=亲友借款;4=合作投资	1.54	1.04	-
	销售地	商品的主要销售地：1=北京;0=京外	0.78	0.42	-
	货源地	商品的主要货源地：1=京津冀;2=江浙沪;3=粤;4=其他	2.44	1.00	+
	经营方式	1=只批发;2=批发为主;3=零售为主;4=批发、零售差不多	3.01	0.95	-
解释变量3：选址因素	家庭	靠近居住地：1=是;0=否	0.11	0.32	-
	家人工作	靠近其他家庭成员工作地：1=是;0=否	0.07	0.25	-
	配套设施	周边有较好的学校或医疗机构：1=是;0=否	0.03	0.18	-
	交通条件	交通便利：1=是;0=否	0.21	0.41	-
	物流	周边配套物流行业发达：1=是;0=否	0.41	0.49	-
	品牌效应	品牌效应好,已形成批发业的集聚：1=是;0=否	0.62	0.49	-
	政策	政府政策引导：1=是;0=否	0.03	0.16	+
解释变量4：搬迁消息影响及未来搬迁计划	影响	搬迁消息传出后对商铺经营的影响：1=影响很大,业绩下降;2=影响不大;3=几乎没影响;4=其他	1.46	0.71	-
解释变量4：搬迁消息影响及未来搬迁计划	计划	商铺是否已经搬迁或计划搬迁：1=是,已全部搬迁;2=是,但只是部分搬迁;3=否,但计划全部搬迁4=否,但计划部分搬迁;5=不搬迁	4.04	1.17	-

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Tab. 6

References 27

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名称	成立时间	面积(万m²)	楼层(层)	商户数(户)
东鼎服装商品批发市场	1998年11月	1.28	16	710
众合服装批发市场	1999年	0.82	4	440
金开利德国际服装批发市场	2004年6月	4.00	7	2800
世纪天乐国际服装市场	2005年4月	8.50	23	4200
聚龙外贸服装商城（地下）	2007年9月	1.80	3	820
天和白马服装商城	2013年3月	2.60	11	1200
万容天地国际时尚中心	2013年	0.78	7	1100
天乐宫批发市场	2000年6月	2010年10月搬迁至金开利德6层
天皓成服装商品批发市场	2001年	2015年1月拆牌并搬迁

变量	估计系数	Z	P
性别	-0.3027	-0.45	0.655
年龄	-0.0707	-0.20	0.838
户籍	5.6689	0.01	0.990
学历	-0.8473^*	-1.82	0.069
个人月收入	0.2819	1.12	0.264
家庭构成	0.1165	0.73	0.464
面积	0.0226	1.46	0.145
员工	-0.5258^**	-1.96	0.050
经营年数	-0.0571	-0.72	0.473
租金	0.0002^*	1.24	0.094
资金来源	-0.0478	-0.18	0.857
销售地	-0.0197	-0.03	0.979
货源地	0.0702	0.25	0.800
经营方式	-0.5693	-1.52	0.128
家庭	0.1970	0.25	0.806
家人工作	-6.6279	-0.01	0.990
配套设施	-0.9016	-0.58	0.563
交通条件	1.1994	1.61	0.107
物流	-1.6549^**	-2.39	0.017
品牌效应	-1.2504^*	-1.66	0.097
政策	-4.3535	0	0.996
影响	0.9420^*	1.9	0.058
计划	-0.6889^**	-2.22	0.027

	全部商户(%)	京籍商户(%)	非京籍商户(%)
原批发市场附近	19.83	27.27	19.05
北京市其他大型批发市场	25.86	18.18	26.67
北京市内其他地区	16.38	9.09	17.14
河北白沟或廊坊等地	7.76	9.09	7.62
天津	4.31	9.09	3.81
其他地方	25.86	27.27	25.71

影响因素	比例(%)	影响因素	比例(%)
道路等交通条件	50.00	是否有优惠政策	7.76
物流发展情况	46.55	周边居住环境	7.76
租金	44.83	周边娱乐、商业设施配套情况	7.76
距离居住地的远近	19.83	周边医疗等其他服务便利	3.45
子女上学方便	14.66	周边房价	2.59
就近配偶或其他家人上班	10.34	其他	22.41

Relocation willingness and influencing factors of wholesale market merchants in the background of non-capital function dispersion: A case study of the Zoo Wholesale Market in Beijing

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项目	分类	样本数	百分比(%)	项目	分类	样本数	百分比(%)
性别	男	106	45.7	户籍	京籍	22	9.5
性别	女	126	54.3	户籍	非京籍	210	90.5
年龄	25岁以下	59	25.4	学历	初中及以下	53	22.8
	26~35岁	105	45.3		高中及中专	145	62.5
	36~45岁	56	24.1		大专	22	9.5
	46~55岁	6	2.6		本科	12	5.2
	56~60岁	4	1.7		研究生及以上	0	0.0
	61岁以上	2	0.9	家庭构成	单身独住	52	22.4
个人月收入	3000元以下	18	7.8	家庭构成	单身和父母同住	24	10.3
	3000~4999元	93	40.1	夫妻独住		59	25.4
	5000~6999元	63	27.2	夫妻和父母同住		14	6.0
	7000~8999元	16	6.9	夫妻携子女		63	27.2
	9000~10000元	8	3.4	三代（含）以上同住		8	3.4
	1万元以上	34	14.7	其他		12	5.2

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