21世纪以来非洲跨国移民空间格局及其对FDI影响

doi:10.11821/dlyj020200674

Abstract

Abstract:

Many studies have proved that there is a good interaction between transnational migration and foreign direct investment. As FDI in Africa has been growing rapidly since the beginning of the 21st century, the problems still need to be solved: what is the role of transnational migration in this process, and what is the spatial influence pattern of transnational immigrants from different flows and countries on FDI. The spatial pattern of transnational migration and its influence on FDI were analyzed by adopting the software of ArcGIS and DPS based on the World Bank Database and African Statistical Yearbook in Africa since the beginning of the 21st century. The results show that the transnational migrants by country of origin or destination are concentrated in North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa respectively, the former gradually forms an agglomeration pattern of immigrants centered on "Morocco-Egypt-Sudan" while the latter is most concentrated in C?te d′Ivoire but gradually replaced by South Africa. FDI is most heavily concentrated in North Africa, but relatively less in South Africa, East Africa, West Africa and Central Africa; and the difference between South Africa, East Africa, West Africa and Central Africa decreases as time goes on. The spatial overlapping of gravity center between transnational migrants by country of destination and FDI is always in a low and stable fluctuation trend, but the center of transnational migration by the country of origin is far away from the center of FDI, with a large fluctuation range, and at the same time, the center of FDI migration is more complex and the migration distance and rate are the most important, showing an overall migration trend from southeast to northwest. The spatial coupling process of gravity center between African transnational migration and FDI shows a wave-style trend that the coupling curve of their gravity centers firstly moves in one direction and then in reverse, while compared with transnational migrants by country of origin, the value of the spatial overlapping and consistency index between transnational migrants by country of destination and FDI is higher, showing that the transnational migration by country of destination has slightly higher attraction to FDI, which is consistent with the results of Grey Correlation Analysis.

Key words: transnational migration, FDI, spatial pattern, Grey Correlation Analysis, Africa

JIANG Haining, ZHANG Wenzhong, ZHANG Jianzhen, DUAN Jian. The spatial pattern of transnational migrants and its influence on FDI in Africa since the 21st century[J].GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2021, 40(3): 725-742.

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影响因素	代表性指标
市场因素	GDP（美元）
市场因素	人均GDP（美元/人）
对外开放度	进出口总额占GDP比例（%）
集聚效应	上一年FDI流入量（美元）
基础设施	每百人固定电话数量（部/百人）
	每百人移动电话数量（部/百人）
	班轮运输相关系数
	航空运输货运量（t×km）
	航空运输客运量（人次）
	铁路总公里数（km）
劳动力	劳动力数量（人）
城镇化水平	城镇人口占总人口比例（%）
跨国移民	跨国移民流出数量（人）
跨国移民	跨国移民流入数量（人）

影响因素	灰色关联度	排序
集聚效应	0.4937	1
人均GDP	0.4561	2
城镇人口占总人口比例	0.4029	3
基于目的地国跨国移民	0.3726	4
GDP	0.3559	5
每百人固定电话数量	0.3349	6
铁路总公里数	0.3332	7
每百人移动电话数量	0.3286	8
班轮运输相关系数	0.3273	9
劳动力数量	0.3168	11
航空运输货运量	0.3110	10
航空运输客运量	0.2969	12
基于原籍国跨国移民	0.2956	13
进出口总额占GDP比例	0.1948	14

The spatial pattern of transnational migrants and its influence on FDI in Africa since the 21st century

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