新疆昌吉州耕地开垦轨迹对土壤肥力变化的影响

doi:10.11821/dlyj020200849

Abstract

Abstract:

It is meaningful for guiding regional agricultural fertilization management measures and improving farmland soil fertility to quantitatively describe the impact of cultivated land reclamation tracks on soil fertility changes at a regional scale. This study identified the cultivated land reclamation tracks by superimposing multiple periods of land use data based on a large number of sample data in 1980 and 2018, to analyze the effects of initial land use and soil types and cultivation years on soil fertility changes in Changji Prefecture, Xinjiang. The result were as follows: (1) Among the current cultivated land in 2018, 90.12% of the original land type was grassland, and 9.88% of the original land type was unused land. The content of other soil fertility indexes increased except for the decrease of available nitrogen (AN) content. Except for soil organic matter (SOM), the spatial variability of other indicators increased. (2) The SOM content reduced because of the reclamation of high-coverage grassland. The reclamation of grassland and unused land would reduce AN content. (3) With the increase of cultivation years, SOM showed a slow increase and gradually stabilizes; while the available nutrient content increased in a short period of time, and stabilized or began to decrease after reaching a certain number of years because of the threshold effect. (4) The loss of SOM caused by grassland reclamation gradually recovered after the cultivation period reached the medium-long term. The SOM content of current cultivated land that the original land type was unused land was always positive. The loss of AN caused by reclamation of grassland and unused land had not been recovered after 38 years of cultivation. (5) The plots with the initial soil types of meadow soil and shrub desert soil had higher nutrient content, and brown calcium soil and gray desert soil had lower nutrient content. The SOM content of current cultivated land that the original soil type was meadow soil decreased. Therefore, it is recommended that the application ratio of fertilizer should be reasonably adjusted, and the potassium fertilizer should be increased. In addition, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in low intensity and high frequency.

Key words: Changji Prefecture,Xinjiang, land reclamation track, soil fertility, land use type

XU Yongmei, ZHOU Liming, ZHANG Zhaotong. Effect of cultivated land reclamation tracks on soil fertility changes in Changji Prefecture, Xinjiang[J].GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2021, 40(3): 657-672.

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References 23

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耕地开垦历史初级分类	耕地开垦历史具体分类	样点数
初始土地利用类型	耕地	503
	高覆盖度草地	26
	中覆盖度草地	50
	低覆盖度草地	126
	盐碱地	15
	裸土地	20
耕作年限	参考地块（1980年之前开垦为耕地）	503
	长期（29~38年）	51
	中长期（19~28年）	106
	中期（9~18年）	36
	短期（1~8年）	44
初始土壤类型	栗钙土	60
	棕钙土	35
	灰漠土	260
	风沙土	22
	草甸土	56
	潮土	174
	盐土	68
	灌漠土	65

指标	时期	平均值	标准差	变异系数
有机质（g/kg）	1980年	10.54	4.40	41.71%
有机质（g/kg）	2018年	18.59	6.82	36.69%
碱解氮（mg/kg）	1980年	71.61	25.87	36.13%
碱解氮（mg/kg）	2018年	66.44	45.64	68.69%
有效磷（mg/kg）	1980年	7.50	3.60	48.06%
有效磷（mg/kg）	2018年	26.46	12.77	48.26%
速效钾（mg/kg）	1980年	238.21	103.26	43.35%
速效钾（mg/kg）	2018年	320.62	169.16	52.76%

养分名称	单位	分级
养分名称	单位	1	2	3	4	5	6
有机质	g/kg	≥ 40	30~40	20~30	10~20	6~10	<6
碱解氮	mg/kg	≥ 150	120~150	90~120	60~90	30~60	<30
有效磷	mg/kg	≥ 40	20~40	10~20	5~10	3~5	<3
速效钾	mg/kg	≥ 200	150~200	100~150	50~100	30~50	<30

区域名称	单位	初始土地利用方式为耕地	初始土地利用方式为草地	初始土地利用方式为未利用地
昌吉州	mg/kg	-1.20	-35.59	-27.67
奇台县	mg/kg	35.06	23.47	16.21
呼图壁县	mg/kg	6.64	-31.47	4.77
吉木萨尔县	mg/kg	21.71	12.08	-49.34

区域名称	单位	参照地块	长期	中长期	中期	短期
昌吉州	mg/kg	69.09	51.80	74.05	57.30	46.76
奇台县	mg/kg	102.30	100.80	91.55	127.55	143.37
阜康市	mg/kg	54.88	43.56	36.42	30.28	57.28
呼图壁县	mg/kg	88.39	53.42	65.36	48.52	57.23

Effect of cultivated land reclamation tracks on soil fertility changes in Changji Prefecture, Xinjiang

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