1962-2016年达里诺尔流域水、草退化及气候响应

doi:10.11821/dlyj201709012

Abstract

Abstract:

The Dalinor Lake Wetland National Nature Reserve is included on the list of Asia important wetlands. Being an integrated ecosystem composed by lakes, rivers, swamps, wet meadows and sparse grasslands, the Dalinor reserve behaves as the important ecological function region in the eastern basin of Inner Mongolia Plateau, and also a natural eco-barrier of the Beijing-Tianjin region. Based on multi-sourced remote sensing data of Keyhole-1 (1962), Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI (1985-2016) and SRTM/ASTER DEM (2000, 2009), along with field observations of annual temperature and precipitation from 3 meteorological stations around the lake, interpretations and quantification were carried out on the water area of the three main lakes (i.e. Dalinor, Ganggengnor and Duolunor lakes) within Dalinor watershed, typical environmental elements of human activities (i.e., the area of the residential, cultivated and grazing land) and vegetation coverage derived from normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), especially the variation of the river basin and climate change and their correlation between human activities in this 55-year period (1962-2016) were analyzed. The research reveals that: (1) There have been changes on the ecological, humanistic and geographical indicators of the Dalinor area. In the past 55 years, the water areas of the three lakes shrank by 24.65%, while the inhabitants and cultivated lands increased by 15.32 and 7.86 times, respectively. Focusing on a 32-year period from 1985 to 2016, the average NDVI was reduced by about 38.46% within the whole region, and the grassland (for pasture) reached 1720 km², accounting for 52.8% of the available area. (2) The variation of the water area of the main lakes presented no significant correlation with the global climate change, however, its strong relationships with typical environmental elements (changes in the area of the residential, cultivated and grazing land) were observed, suggesting that human activities are becoming the dominant factors which lead to the wetland and grassland degradation. (3) The warming rate across the Dalinor basin climbed much higher than the average level of the global and Northeast Asia scale, indicating that a prominent warming-drying trend was performed during this period, to a certain extent, the fragile habitat of the Dalinor reserve acts like an "Ecological magnifier" to the global climate change. The wetland ecology of the Dalinor watershed is extremely sensitive to global climate change.

Key words: Dalinor Basin, wetland, ecological function, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), climate change, man-land relationship

Chao MA, Weiwei LIU, Pengfei ZHAO, Wensi MA, Wei MA. Wetland and grassland egradation and the response to climate in Dalinor Basin duing 1962-2016[J].GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017, 36(9): 1755-1772.

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数据类型	KH-1	L5	L5	L5	L5	L5	L5	L5	L5	L7	L5	L7	L5	L5	L8	L8	MODIS NDVI	SRTMDEM	ASTERGDEM
成像时间	1962/06/28	1985/08/10	1986/07/12	1990/07/23	1991/08/11	1994/08/03	1995/07/21	1999/07/16	2000/07/18	2005/08/25	2006/09/21	2006/07/17	2010/08/31	2011/08/02	2015/07/12	2016/09/20	2006,2016/08/03	2000/ 02/11	2009/ 06/30
流域分析																		√	√
NDVI计算		√		√			√		√		√			√		√	√
耕地/草场/居民地面积提取	√	√		√			√		√		√			√		√
湖面面积提取	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√

	1962/06/28	1985/08/10	1990/07/23	1995/07/21	2000/07/18	2006/09/21	2011/08/02	2016/09/20
耕地（km²）	36.52	92.55	95.70	131.10	172.60	181.20	213.40	287.20
居民地（数目/面积km²）	28/3.97	44/18.90	46/22.90	46/26.42	47/32.99	47/34.47	48/43.72	63/60.82
草场（km²）	0.0	178.35	176.43	223.16	253.62	1065.35	1295.77	1720.21

统计级别	NDVI密度分割百分比（%）								类别
统计级别	1985/08/10		1990/07/23	1995/07/21	2000/07/18	2006/09/21	2011/08/02	2016/09/20	平均
[-1.0,0.0]	6.4	5.9	10.2	5.8	6.1	5.3	5.9	6.62	水域
(0.0,0.2]	0.7	4.0^*	1.0	2.9	2.5	1.7	18.1	4.40	裸地及沙地
(0.2,0.4]	12.7	13.4	15.2	43.5	70.3^**	14.1	70.1^**	34.24	稀疏草地
(0.4,0.6]	44.2	43.5	48.1	38.5	20.0^**	49.4	5.9^**	35.53	草地及湿草地
(0.6,1.0]	36.0	33.2	25.5	9.3	1.10^**	29.5	0.0^**	19.21	灌丛及林地

	1962/06/28	1985/ 08/10	1986/07/12	1990/ 07/23	1991/08/11	1994/ 08/03	1995/07/21	1999/ 07/16	2000/ 07/18	2005/08/25	2006/ 07/17	2010/ 08/31	2011/ 08/02	2015/ 07/12	2016/09/20
	1962年	1985-1986均值		1990-1991均值		1994-1995均值		1999-2000均值		2005-2006均值		2010-2011均值		2015-2016均值
达里诺尔	257.000	209.554	208.604	212.812	215.100	219.046	217.403	218.945	212.634	203.905	201.942	200.683	190.697	185.130	197.006
达里诺尔	257.000	209.079		213.956		218.225		215.790		202.924		195.690		191.068
岗更诺尔	20.250	19.222	18.340	17.832	15.401	18.272	18.595	19.736	19.761	18.151	20.411	20.209	20.603	13.194	22.212
岗更诺尔	20.250	18.781		16.617		18.434		19.749		19.281		20.406		17.703
多伦诺尔	2.088	1.949	1.942	1.894	1.811	1.752	1.700	1.817	1.181	1.850	1.454	1.499	0.893	1.455	1.949
多伦诺尔	2.088	1.946		1.853		1.726		1.499		1.652		1.196		1.702

Wetland and grassland egradation and the response to climate in Dalinor Basin duing 1962-2016

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