北京市老年人口迁移意愿及影响因素研究

doi:10.11821/dlyj201801009

Abstract

Abstract:

The rapid population aging is coming along with the urban expansion in Beijing in recent decades. During the urbanization process, many older people have moved from the inner urban area to the newly developed urban areas in Beijing. Older people's living environment has dramatically changed. Moreover, elder care has become an important issue in the society. This study aims to understand older people's willingness to relocation and examine various factors which affect their willingness to relocation. This quantitative analysis is based on the data from 353 valid questionnaires which were collected from the older people aged 60 and over in four residential quarters. The four sampled residential quarters were all built after 2000 in the Urban Function Extension Area of Beijing. Descriptive analysis and binary Logistic regression were applied in this study. The results showed that 252 older people (71.4% of all the samples) were willing to move. In terms of the reasons for relocation, moving closer to or moving into their adult children's families and taking care of their grandchildren were the main reasons for the older people's voluntary relocation. Moreover, the changes of life course played an important role in the older people's migration behavior. The regression results showed that participants with better health status (OR=1.53, P=0.094), higher income (OR=2.05, P=0.015), who were strongly influenced by the living distance with their adult children (OR=1.23, P=0.020), having access to elevators after the relocation (OR=1.29, P=0.062), and perceiving the green space important (OR=1.56, P=0.005) were more willing to move. The construction of age-friendly community should meet the demands for various groups of older people. The findings of this study contribute to understanding the moving behaviors of older people in the process of urban development in Beijing, and it also sheds light on future studies on healthy living environment for older people to age in place.

Key words: ageing, older people's migration, life course, age-friendly community, Beijing

Siyao GAO, Yang CHENG. Willingness to relocation of the older people within Beijing[J].GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2018, 37(1): 119-132.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

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编号	新建小区名称	居住空间类型	老年人群体特征	位置	入住时间	社区规模(人)	老年人口比例(%)	京籍老年人数量(人)	分配样本数量(人)
1	北辰福第小区	两限房+ 廉租房	来自北京市城区6个区回迁老人和购买两限房及少量租房老人	朝阳区东五环	2011年	15000	13	2000	167
2	长安新城小区	经济适用房	为改善住房条件周边企事业单位老人以及跟随子女迁移的老年人	丰台区西四环	一期2001年,二期2007年	12000	17.5	1000	84
3	西山枫林小区	经济适用房	为改善住房条件的老年人以及跟随子女迁移的老年人	石景山区西五环外	2006年	4987	13.3	440	43
4	水岸温泉小区	回迁房+ 廉租房	原地回迁老人及少量租房老人	海淀区西北部五环六环之间	2014年	7868	9.86	776	65

变量	属性	百分比(%）	变量	属性	百分比(%）
性别	男性	42(150)	与配偶的月收入(元）	0~1000	6(20)
性别	女性	58(203)		1000~2000	7(25)
				2000~3000	15(54)
年龄(岁）	60~69	56(196)		3000~4000	24(83)
	70~79	30(106)	4000以上		48(171)
	80岁以上	14(51)	收入来源(多选）	养老金	91(322)
婚姻状况	已婚	68(239)	收入来源(多选）	儿女资助	8(28)
	共同居住	0(1)	最低生活保障金		3(10)
	丧偶	31(110)	劳动收入		2(7)
	分开/离异	1(2)	财产性收入		7(24)
	至今未婚	0(1)	迁移后居住情况(多选）	配偶	62(220)
受教育程度	未受过教育	9(33)	迁移后居住情况(多选）	儿女	53(186)
	小学	16(56)	孙子/女		23(80)
	初中或同等初中教育	26(93)	独居		6(21)
	高中或同等高中教育	25(89)	亲戚/朋友		0(1)
	大专技校	15(51)	迁移原因	拆迁	31(108)
	本科及以上	9(31)		自主迁移	69(245)

	百分比（%）					均值	标准差
	1			2	3	4	5
退休	0.85	11.33	9.07	16.15	62.61	4.28	1.08
健康状况下降	0.85	6.8	11.05	14.73	66.57	4.39	0.99
婚姻状况变化	3.1	7.1	4.8	8.8	76.2	4.48	1.07
子女结婚	2.55	6.52	11.61	8.5	70.82	4.39	1.08
子女居住距离变化	15.3	21.53	12.75	31.73	18.7	3.17	1.37
抚养孙辈	10.2	11.9	7.1	21.8	49	3.88	1.39

变量 (参照组)	模型1			模型2				模型3				模型4
变量 (参照组)	B		S.E	Exp(B)		B	S.E	Exp(B)	B	S.E	Exp(B)	B	S.E	Exp(B)
个体特征
年龄	0.021	0.017	1.021	0.026	0.017	1.026		0.024	0.018	1.024		0.017	0.019	1.017
婚姻状况 (无配偶)	0.307	0.270	1.360	0.274	0.313	1.316		0.286	0.319	1.331		0.241	0.329	1.273
受教育程度(低)	-0.054	0.299	0.948	-0.019	0.303	0.981		-0.081	0.309	0.922		0.116	0.321	1.123
自评身体健康(差)	0.426	0.252	1.532^*	0.313	0.261	1.367		0.167	0.268	1.182		0.257	0.278	1.293
自评精神健康(差)	-0.162	0.311	0.851	-0.172	0.315	0.842		-0.134	0.320	0.875		-0.134	0.331	0.875
与配偶的月收入(低)	0.216	0.260	1.242	0.281	0.265	1.325		0.413	0.275	1.511		0.717	0.294	2.047^**
家庭特征
子女居住距离(连续)				0.213	0.092	1.238^**		0.176	0.093	1.193^**		0.206	0.098	1.229^**
迁移前居住情况(独居)
配偶				0.150	0.632	1.162		-0.048	0.637	0.953		-0.285	0.665	0.752
其他				0.354	0.640	1.425		0.271	0.642	1.311		0.182	0.666	1.200
住房环境
电梯(连续)								0.350	0.131	1.419^***		0.257	0.138	1.293^*
取暖(连续)								-0.035	0.132	0.966		-0.191	0.144	0.826
社区自然环境
绿化条件(连续)												0.442	0.156	1.556^***
人行道(连续)												0.237	0.147	1.268
医院距离(连续)												0.004	0.145	1.004
购物距离(连续)												0.078	0.151	1.081

Willingness to relocation of the older people within Beijing

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属性	百分比（%）	样本数
与儿女距离近	29	104
方便照看孙辈	18	62
社区环境好	16	56
周边配套设施方便	14	51
房价便宜	11	39
医疗条件好	3	10
房屋设计好	4	13

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