生态移民福祉影响因素研究——基于陕西省蓝田县农村抽样调研

doi:10.11821/dlyj201806006

Abstract

Abstract:

The well-being is a complete expression on living actuality and satisfaction degree, referring to several factors such as wealth, education, health, security, facility, livelihood, and happiness. The rural residents under eco-migration facing new risks of economy, society and mentality should pay attention to improving well-being level and help for merging into immigrant areas and new life. Based on a microcosmic view of rural residents and supported by Amartya Sen Capacity Theory, this paper examines the influencing factors and mechanism of action on well-being of rural residents under eco-migration from farmers' demand by connecting literature researches and results of participatory rural appraisal as well as by establishing multidimensional index systems of the well-being of rural residents under eco-migration. The research shows that the rural residents' well-being under eco-migration presents a general pattern of "one body with two wings, ten points interact", because the immigrants face the combined impacts of family well-being, external well-being and psychological well-being, but the impact degrees are significantly different. The "main body" is that the external well-being plays a leading role while immigrants face well-being maintenance transfers to well-being improvement, and the "two wings" are the coactions of family well-being and psychological well-being with harmonious propulsion. The complicated coupling relationship of 10 vital functions (living standard, health, security, social bond, environmental culture, communication for information, time utilization, social adaptation, equal rights and life realization) influences directly or indirectly the integral level of rural residents' well-being to different degrees and shows a pattern of obvious focal point and echelon improvement. Of 10 vital functions, the effect of social bond is the most remarkable, the appeal for equal rights is the most intense, and indirect effect of time utilization is relatively obvious. Thus, the research suggests that the implementation of eco-migration should consider the family well-being, external well-being and psychological well-being of immigrants, focus on the relations of immigrant well-being and policy implementation, and ensure the rural residents under eco-migration adaptation to new environment in immigrant areas and enjoy a lasting, steady and high-level well-being by means of sustainable supply, important guarantee and omni-directional support of benefit farming policy.

Key words: well-being, ecological migration, rural residents, capacity approach, Lantian

Xinyuan LI, Min LEI, Jiaqi XI, Xiaoli CAO, Zhiqing ZHAO. A study on the influencing factors of rural residents' well-being under the ecological migration: Based on the sampling survey of rural areas in Lantian county of Shaanxi province[J].GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2018, 37(6): 1127-1141.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 1

The rectified observed variables and factors of ecological migrants' well-being"

福祉层次	潜在变量	观测变量及定义	符号	因子值
家庭福祉（FWB）	生活水平（ $η$ ₁）	家庭年消费支出（单位：万元）	Y₁	0.66
		小汽车数量（单位：辆）	Y₂	0.73
		人均住房面积（单位：m²/人）	Y₃	0.82
		人均耕地面积（单位：亩/人）	Y₄	0.68
		饮水满意度（5等级满意度评价）	Y₅	0.80
		做饭能源使用	Y₆	0.67
	健康（ $η$ ₂）	患病人数	Y₇	0.80
	健康（ $η$ ₂）	健康满意度（5等级满意度评价）	Y₈	0.84
	安全（ $η$ ₃）	打架斗殴	Y₉	0.58
	安全（ $η$ ₃）	孩子担心度（5等级担心程度）	Y₁₀	0.58
外部福祉(EWB)	社会联系（ $ξ$ ₁）	家中村干部	X₁	0.73
		最信任谁	X₂	0.68
		村民关系（5等级满意度评价）	X₃	0.79
		村干部满意度（5等级满意度评价）	X₄	0.70
	环境文化（ $ξ$ ₂）	环境满意度（5等级满意度评价）	X₅	0.70
		协会组织参与度	X₆	0.76
		娱乐活动项目	X₇	0.81
	时间利用 $(ξ$ ₃）	日劳逸时间比	X₈	0.60
	时间利用 $(ξ$ ₃）	周内主要用时	X₉	0.63
	信息交流（ $ξ$ ₄）	信息获取渠道	X₁₀	0.67
心理福祉(PWB)	公平权利（ $ξ$ ₅）	政策公平（5等级满意度评价）	X₁₁	0.84
		住房公平（5等级满意度评价）	X₁₂	0.76
		政策透明（5等级满意度评价）	X₁₃	0.63
	社会适应 $(η$ ₄）	搬迁适应性（5等级程度评判）	Y₁₁	0.58
	社会适应 $(η$ ₄）	地位满足感（5等级满意度评价）	Y₁₂	0.58
	生活实现（ $η$ ₅）	生活水平评分	Y₁₃	0.54
	生活实现（ $η$ ₅）	生活成就感	Y₁₄	0.54

Tab. 1

Fig. 3

Tab. 2

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	影响路径	影响方向	路径系数	标准误差	临界比率值	显著性判定	标记
结构模型	RWB←ξ₁	+	0.427	0.055	7.764	***	W26
	RWB←ξ₂	+	0.110	0.044	2.500	*	W25
	RWB←ξ₃	+	0.201	0.069	2.913	**	W24
	RWB←ξ₄	+	0.100	0.110	0.909	不显著	W53
	RWB←ξ₅	+	0.112	0.045	2.489	*	W22
	RWB←η₁	+	0.091	0.044	2.068	*	W46
	RWB←η₂	+	0.088	0.033	2.667	**	W19
	RWB←η₃	+	0.090	0.052	1.731	不显著	W20
	RWB←η₄	+	0.116	0.059	1.966	*	W21
	RWB←η₅	+	0.150	0.056	2.679	**	W23
	η₅←ξ₅	+	0.337	0.073	4.632	***	W38
	η₄←ξ₅	+	0.584	0.087	6.676	***	W37
	η₁←ξ₁	+	0.152	0.077	1.974	*	W39
	η₂←ξ₁	-	0.225	0.046	4.891	***	W43
	η₃←ξ₁	-	0.618	0.194	3.186	**	W42
	η₁←ξ₂	+	0.118	0.058	2.027	*	W41
	η₁←ξ₃	+	0.221	0.095	2.321	*	W45
	η₁←ξ₄	+	0.387	0.087	4.448	***	W44
测量模型	饮水满意度←η₁	+	0.054	0.023	2.348	*	W2
	人均耕地面积←η₁	+	0.017	0.055	0.309	不显著	W3
	人均住房面积←η₁	+	5.407	0.210	25.748	***	W4
	小汽车数量←η₁	+	0.131	0.046	2.848	**	W5
	家庭年消费支出←η₁	+	0.172	0.085	2.024	*	W6
	患病人数←η₂	+	1.045	0.120	8.708	***	W15
	打架斗殴←η₃	+	0.323	0.092	3.511	**	W16
	搬迁适应度←η₄	+	0.619	0.203	3.043	**	W7
	生活成就感←η₅	-	0.769	0.557	1.381	不显著	W1
	最信任谁←ξ₁	+	0.154	0.078	1.974	*	W12
	村民关系←ξ₁	-	0.037	0.045	0.822	不显著	W13
	村干部满意度←ξ₁	+	1.516	0.108	14.037	***	W14
	协会组织←ξ₂	+	0.044	0.057	0.772	不显著	W10
	活动项目←ξ₂	+	0.048	0.029	1.655	不显著	W11
	周内主要用时←ξ₃	+	0.140	0.067	2.090	*	W8
	信息获取←ξ₄	+	0.505	0.102	4.951	***	W9
	住房公平←ξ₅	+	0.913	0.070	13.061	***	W17
	政策透明←ξ₅	+	0.820	0.100	8.170	***	W18

A study on the influencing factors of rural residents' well-being under the ecological migration: Based on the sampling survey of rural areas in Lantian county of Shaanxi province

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