基于雨洪安全格局的城市低影响开发模式研究

doi:10.11821/dlyj201809004

Abstract

Abstract:

The main causes of urban waterlogging are decrease of urban storage land, the spillway network fragmented by construction land, overlap of stormwater storage and construction land, and so on. This paper, based on the three levels of substrate (source of runoff), corridor (runoff pathway) and patch (confluence land), attempts to set up a low-impact urban development mode to absorb extreme storm water through its inherent storage capacity of natural hydrological system: Suyuyuan, a typical area of Changsha in southern China was taken as an example to build the low-impact development mode by spatial analysis tools ArcGIS and in hydrological analysis module in soil conservation service (SCS) based on geomorphologic and hydrometeorological data. The waterlogging security pattern was built according to the flood submergence scope and runoff path simulation of extreme rainfall. According to the construction target of sponge city with annual runoff control rate of 85%, the source control water volume and corridor control water quantity were determined respectively, and then the patch control water quantity was obtained. It is estimated that the area should preserve 228.2 ha stormwater storage regulation patch and 1.075 million m³ controlled water volume, and 51.5 ha waterlogging corridors and 0.101 million m³ controlled water volume after the development. This method can provide a reference for exploring the new model of sponge city construction based on extreme climate waterlogging prevention and control.

Key words: waterlogging security pattern, waterlogging corridors and patches, low-impact development mode, Suyuyuan

Sheng JIAO, Jingyan HAN, Min ZHOU, Yong CAI, Zongwei HAN, Bei LI. Low-impact urban development mode based on waterlogging security pattern[J].GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2018, 37(9): 1704-1713.

Figures/Tables 11

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下垫面类型	CN值
下垫面类型	A	B	C	D
水域道路广场工业用地	100 98 81	100 98 88	100 98 91 90	100 98 93 92
城市居住用地	77	85	100 98 91 90	100 98 93 92
村庄建设用地	59	74	82	86
森林	25	55	70	77
裸地	77	86	91	94
灌木林地	57	73	82	86
耕地	62	71	78	81

雨洪廊道等级	径流长度/m	分布情况	作用
一级廊道	45813	数量多,分布较广,树状径流网络源头	汇聚雨洪,就地滞蓄小型降水,控制大雨初级阶段
二级廊道	26957	数量较多,跨越许多现状水域,连接上下游径流网络,分布较广	容纳一级溢流,进一步缓解雨洪问题,调节小型雨水,超标径流向三级廊道溢流
三级廊道	7081	数量较少,主要分布在研究区北面以及南面径流网络中游	容纳二级廊道溢流,加强各调蓄设施之间的联系,调节中型雨水,超标径流向四级廊道溢流
四级廊道	5164	有两条,主要分布在研究区南面径流网络下游	容纳三级廊道溢流,超标径流向区域自然水体排放,调节控制大暴雨

低影响开发模式	作用	雨洪安全格局	规模		面积占比/%	低影响开发设施	控制水量/万m³
低影响开发模式	作用	雨洪安全格局	面积/hm²	个数	面积占比/%	低影响开发设施	控制水量/万m³
基底	根据年径流总量控制率的目标,进行源头控制雨水	场地	1957.4	3	87.5	下凹式绿地、雨水桶等	43.4
次要廊道	进行分散式调蓄,滞蓄中小雨水	一二级雨洪廊道	24.6	27	1.1	原有自然场地,深度100 mm~200 mm	4.8
主要廊道	起泄洪作用,加强各个调蓄设施之间的联系,改善生态环境	三四级雨洪廊道	26.8	6	1.2	原有自然场地,深度100 mm~200 mm	5.3
雨洪斑块	结合现状坑塘设置调蓄设施,增大其水域面积,通过自然过程回补水源分泄雨洪,削减洪峰或短期阻滞雨洪	雨洪淹没区	228.2	17	10.2%	季节性湿地、湿塘、蓄水池等调蓄设施	107.5

Low-impact urban development mode based on waterlogging security pattern

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