中资企业研发国际化研究述评

doi:10.11821/dlyj020190994

Abstract

Abstract:

R&D internationalization refers to the behavior of multinational companies (MNCs) engaged in research and development abroad. R&D internationalization has become an increasingly important strategic choice for enterprises in emerging economies such as China to acquire advanced technological resources as well as create and maintain competitive advantages in the global market. The R&D internationalization of Chinese MNCs serves two major political strategies of China as well: “full improvement of the open economy strategy” and “innovation-driven development strategy”. It is an essential frontier of geography research which should arouse more scholarly attentions. To improve the understanding of R&D internationalization of Chinese MNCs, this paper systematically reviews the definition, theoretical foundation, research themes, data and methods of literature about R&D internationalization of Chinese MNCs. With the rapid development of R&D internationalization activities operated by Chinese MNCs over the past decades, we find that the classical international business theories based on the practice of MNCs from developed countries could not fully explain the R&D internationalization behavior of Chinese MNCs, and the existing empirical studies in research perspectives, content, and methods have the following limitations: focusing on firm perspective, lack of regional perspective related to the R&D internationalization activities; focusing on R&D in developed economies, lack of empirical research on Chinese R&D in developing economies; focusing on analysis of existing firm database, and lack of targeted firm surveys. Economic geographers have traditionally examined the spatial location of economic activity, therefore, we argue that firstly the geographers should carry out multi-scalar research so as to comprehensively understand the interaction between firms’ internationalization and regional economy; secondly geographers should carry out case studies on R&D internationalization of Chinese MNCs in focal countries, in Belt and Road countries in particular, to promote the heterogeneity of Chinese R&D internationalization empirical studies and to unpack the impact of regional differences on the R&D internationalization behavior of Chinese MNCs; thirdly geographers should carry out multi-data and multi-method empirical studies, based on the traditional strength of field study in geography discipline. The multi-data and multi-method approach provides a good empirical basis for the theoretical framework, so as to fully understand the spatial distribution, process and mechanism of Chinese MNC’s R&D internationalization.

Key words: Chinese firm, R&D internationalization, Belt and Road Initiative, review

SI Yuefang, YAN Liuxia, ZHANG Yi. Review and prospect of the research on Chinese firms' R&D internationalization[J].GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2020, 39(5): 1056-1069.

Figures/Tables 2

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Tab. 2

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研究主题	一级指标	二级指标
动因	经济规模	由地区国内生产总值（GDP）衡量
	与成本和生产要素的质量有关的要素	包括劳动力、中间投入和资本
	市场可得性	距离最近的海港的距离作为区域市场可得性的指标
进入模式	建立独立海外研发及技术研发中心	建立独立海外研发及技术研发中心数量
	与海外其他跨国公司、大学及科研院所开展跨国研发联盟活动	联合研发项目数量
	跨国并购海外子公司	并购海外子公司数量或经营规模
区位选择	研发动因	市场驱动和技术驱动
	企业微观层面因素	企业规模、年龄、性质、行业类别等自身特性
	东道国因素	东道国的经济发展水平、创新能力、研发资源数量、研发人力成本、知识产权保护政策及制度保障,以及中国与东道国之间的地理距离等
创新绩效	投入	海外R&D经费支出及其占总R&D经费的比例
		企业海外R&D机构的数量
		从事R&D工作科技人员的数量
	产出：专利创新	企业累计专利申请数
		当年专利申请量
		滞后1年的企业专利授予数
		用企业每年新增的专利总数
		发明专利申请量
		专利的前向引用和后向引用
	产出：新产品创新	新产品销售收入占全部销售收入的比重达到预期目标
	产出：新产品创新	和主要竞争对手相比新产品开发项目是非常成功
		新产品销售额占企业员工总人数的比重

数据来源		研究方法	典型文献
企业调研	资料文献和企业访谈	案例研究法	Fan^[24]; 杨震宁等^[44];Duysters等^[54];Yeung等^[66]; Sun^[67];Si^[68]
	基于浙江省认定的高新技术企业收集的问卷调查数据	层级回归分析	刘洋等^[69]
	基于工博会调研数据	Logistic模型	司月芳等^[70]
企业数据库	上市企业面板数据	Logistic模型;负二项回归分析	陈衍泰等^[3];李正卫等^[71]
	Thomson SDC数据库	层级回归分析	Zhang等^[72]
	中国创新型企业的面板数据	固定效应模型、EGLS估计方法	陈岩等^[73]
	基于中国科技部提供的400余家高科技企业年度调查数据库	双向固定效应模型	王晓燕等^[74]
	由中国大陆的577个投资项目组成的企业绿地投资数据库、剑桥计量经济学数据库	离散选择模型	Karreman等^[75]
	中国商务部对外投资与国际合作司的海外投资企业（机构）登记网站	零断尾负二项回归分析方法	胡曙虹等^[11]
专利数据	SIPO数据库	社会网络分析法和多元回归方法	曾德明等^[76];柳卸林等^[77]
	WIPO数据	社会网络分析法和案例分析法	司月芳等^[25]
	USPTO、EPO和SIPO专利数据	广义线性模型、泊松对数模型、负二项模型	Schaefer等^[78]

Review and prospect of the research on Chinese firms' R&D internationalization

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