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    Earth Surface Processes
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Research on symmetry and tendency of several major natural disasters
    YAN Jun-ping, BAI Jing, SU Kun-hui, WANG Juan, WANG Xin-hua
    2011, 30(7): 1159-1168. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011070001
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    It is difficult to predict and forecast several natural disasters currently. Major natural disasters frequently occurred synchronously. Several major natrual disasters generally occurred as one disaster incident group in a region. In this paper, we proposed the law of time-space symmetry of disasters, based on the basic information of each disaster. In the aspect of time symmetry, we carried out both the method of commensurability information extraction and Map of Butterfly Structure (MBS). We improved the commensurability information extraction method firstly proposed by Weng Wenbo here. On the other hand, the MBS theory in the process of commensurability study for prediction was primarily proposed. From MBS, we defined the characteristic tendencies of disaster occurrence. MBS simplfied the time period of partial major natural disasters. In this paper, it is foreseen that the following events would happen in high probability in the future: the earthquake (Ms≥5.6) in Urumqi in 2011, the flood damage in Taihu Basin in 2011 and in Huaihe River Basin in 2013. In the part of spatial symmetry, MBS was mainly used in the judgement of seismic disasters. Through the statistics of earthquake focus in each period, we built polygons (triangle or quadrilateral), and considered the symmetry in quadrant distribution. Spatial symmetry laws were revealed in this study to validate the trends manifested in a number of major natural disasters. It was observed that earthquakes occurrences in the last 500 years in Mainland China (Ms≥8) and 20 earthquakes in Yunnan (Ms≥7) had accelerated development tendency. The terminals of earthquakes in adjacent seismic periods became shorter. Spatial symmetry analysis indicated that seismic spatial information was more concentrated on a specific point. Thus, it is highly possible for strong earthquakes (Ms≥7) to occur in the eastern part of Yunnan in the next few years. Otherwise, these factors provided the prediction principles for several natural calamities, which was consistent with global changes.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    The environmental stability and the hazardous geology in seabed erosion and deposition of Jiaozhou bay
    LIU Yun-ling, WANG Ya-ping, GAO Jian-hua, JIA Jian-jun, XIA Xiao-ming, LI Yan
    2011, 30(7): 1169-1177. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011070002
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    Based upon the comparisons between underwater bathymetries digitized from nautical charts (1936-2002) and between coastlines derived from two landsat-5 TM images (1986-2007), the hazardous geology associated with erosion and deposition was analyzed for the past 70 years. During the last century, the sedimentary pattern was divided into nine types according to the depositional rates. The results show that the slight sedimentation happened as a whole in Jiaozhou bay from 1936 to 1963, while the slight erosion appeared in the eastern embayment (including Cangkou channel). Unlike before, the deposition obviously decreased from 1963 to 1982 and then the sedimentary environment transferred into the equilibrium. Besides, the strong sedimentation was dominant in Cangkou channel during this period. However, the Daguhe and Daoerhe channels were slightly eroded. Subsequently, most of coasts extended obviously towards the sea between 1986 and 2007; the average coastline extending rate was 101~102 m yr-1 and the slight erosion was observed on the seabed. Moreover, the analysis of tidal prism and cross-sectional area of tidal inlets shows that the current velocity amplitude and the corresponding equ-coefficient of friction had decreased over the past 70 years in Jiaozhou bay. This indicates that the entrance of Jiaozhou bay tended to be relatively instable.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Spatial variation of physical and chemical properties for eolian sand soil at longitudinal dune scale in southern Gurbantunggut Desert
    QIAN Yi-bing, WU Zhao-ning, WANG Zhong-chen, JIANG Chao, YANG Hai-feng
    2011, 30(7): 1178-1186. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011070003
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    The spatial variation of physical and chemical properties for eolian sand soil at longitudinal dune scale in southern Gurbantunggut Desert was studied by means of geostatistical methods. In the study, 184 samples of eolian sand soil from the quadrats of 5 m×5 m were systemically collected over the dune crests, slopes and interdune areas of two longitudinal dunes in southern Gurbantunggut Desert and 100 quadrats of vegetation were measured. The physical and chemical properties of eolian sand soil, including soil grain-size parameters, pH, salts, water content, total N and organic matter were determined. The results show that under the impact of longitudinal dune landform characteristics, including elevation, slope aspect, slope angle and partial micro-terrain and vegetation pattern, the physical and chemical properties of eolian sand soil have the variance of weak to medium extent and the spatial autocorrelation of moderate to strong extent. The values of spatial correlated ranges are 21.3-74.8 m, which approximately correspond to a width of single longitudinal dune or a width of landform unit from interdune area to dune to interdune. Because these soil properties have a nest structure of different level systems, the fractal dimensions, D values at different scales were gained. The D values of soil grain-size parameters (φ1, Mz,σ), soil salts (EC) and soil nutrients (organic matter and total N) in a sampling interval of 0-40 m are larger, and the spatial variation is basically medium to high level. Under a sampling interval of 90-150 m, the D values were sharply reduced and the spatial variations were greatly increased. The curve of variation strength for soil water contents was in several segments and the D values were gradually decreased in turn. The mechanism of the close relationship of the spatial variations between soil total N and organic matter contents shows that the spatial variations of the soil physical and chemical properties, which are expressed by the fractal dimensions and not regularly preprocessed, well accord with the field facts.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Holistic forecast method of land use in leap-forward of urbanization
    LIU Yun-gang, WANG Feng-long
    2011, 30(7): 1187-1197. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011070004
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    In the ongoing great-leap-forward rush of many cities, there are seemingly paradoxical co-existence of lags of urbanization and waste of land. It is not acceptable whether to take laisser-faire attitudes and make loose limitations of urban sprawl with connivance or to follow the prescribed order of urbanization without the consideration of requirements of rapid development and regional equity of cities in disadvantaged provinces, which makes it in urgent needs to find a simple and practical method which is adapted to the forecast of the urban land use size in a nonlinear process of urbanization. However, the direct and mediate methods in the mainstream of current researches on forecast of appropriate land use for urban construction cannot resolve this problem very well in great-leap-forward development of many cities, inevitably making the expansion of these cities out of order and control from central level invalid. We argued that it is required not only to improve the forecast method but also to renew the way of resolution. In furtherance of this purpose, this paper tries to explore a new multi-scalar forecasting method based on a preset goal of urbanization level from the perspective of urban system from an aim-oriented rather than a trend-extropolation perspective. This process includes three steps, first forecast the total population at the higher scale of the target city, then predict the future urban population based on the prospective urban system, at last, determine the quantity of proper urban land use through the correlation between urban land use and population. Using the data of 287 Chinese prefecture-level cities from 1997 to 2008, the basic hypothesis is tested and some panel data models on built-up areas and nonagricultural populations are built. To eliminate the autocorrelations and heteroscedastcity in the models, some advanced methods of estimation such as GLS are introduced and an ideal empirical equation is obtained. Although there are still some defects and limitations of this equation, it has been proved that this model is easy-to-use, reasonable and practical in the case of Zhumadian. It is also argued that this method is not only suitable for the forecast of land use of many cities in current China, but also can avoid the problem of many land use forecasts that it always goes beyond the permissible land use limit at the higher scale when adding up the predicted land use of every city. To conclude, the theoretical meaning and application restrictions of this method are briefly summarized.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    The input-output efficiency evaluation of land consolidation in central land consolidation region
    JIN Xiao-bin, ZHOU Yin-kang, LI Xue-rui, XU Guo-xin
    2011, 30(7): 1198-1206. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011070005
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    Land consolidation plays a key role in keeping the dynamic equilibrium of arable land and ensuring the target of farmland protection. It is of great significance to guarantee food security, relieve contradiction between human and environment, as well as promote the urbanization process and socio-economic development. However, as China's land consolidation history was very short, the undertaken land consolidation projects were mainly focused on the increase of cultivated area, while social and ecological benefits were ignored to a certain extent. Comprehensive evaluation lack of regional input-output efficiency was usually employed as a method for benefit assessment. In this paper, based on determining the input and output factors, in accordance with characteristics of multi-input and multi-output, DEA method was applied to calculate the input-output efficiency and to analyze the corresponding efficiency loss by taking central land consolidation region as DMU. The results are obtained as follows. 1) In general, land consolidation bears regularity and difference. All the provinces with advantageous agricultural production conditions have decreasing benefits to scale, regardless of the optimal value of input-output efficiency, whereas the situation in provinces with disadvantageous agricultural production is on the contrary. 2) Due to the differences of topography, soil, climate, and other agricultural production and ecological conditions, the efficiency between various provinces are quite different. Both input and output factors need to be modified in non-DEA efficient DMU, and there is significant difference in the extent of adjustment as well. 3) Due to scale differences and irrationality of input-output structure, the land consolidation output does not increase with the input. In addition to the provinces at low level of relative efficiency, such as Shanxi, Hubei and Anhui, the tendency is also observed in relatively efficient provinces
  • Earth Surface Processes
    A comparative study on the balance between the water demand and the maximal quota of water consumption in water allocation of waterscape of Beijing's Chaoyang Park
    WANG Yan-zhen
    2011, 30(7): 1207-1214. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011070006
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    This paper studies the balance between the water demand and the maximal quota of water consumption of water allocation of Chaoyang Park waterscape in Beijing, by using the computational method of the quantity of eco-water requirement and the maximal quota of water consumption in order to save water efficiently in park waterscape. The result showed that if we do not take account into the quantity of water purification and water consumption of public open space, the maximal, moderate and minimal quantity of eco-water requirement of waterscape was 193.71 million litres, 189.81 million litres and 178.11 million litres, respectively. If water consumption of public open space came from the park waterscape, the maximal, moderate and minimal quantity of eco-water requirement of waterscape was 404.99 million litres, 401.09 million litres and 389.39 million litres, respectively. Applying the maximal quota of water consumption model, the maximal quota of water consumption of waterscape was estimated at 390.87 million litres, which is more than the minimal quantity of eco-water requirement of waterscape, thus the quantity of water saving consumption of Chaoyang Park waterscape would not exceed 390.87 million litres. The result has provided the reference for the water allocation of park waterscape.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Multi-stakeholders governance of institutional eco-space in metropolitan urban-rural fringe:In the view of policy network
    MA Xue-guang
    2011, 30(7): 1215-1226. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011070007
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    With the making of eco-city and building of low-carbon society, urban eco-space plays more and more important roles in city development. Meanwhile, the intention, evolution and operation modes of policy network tended to be even more typical and representative than any other analysis methods under the background of social-spatial transformation and rigid structural constraints of institutional eco-space in urban-rural fringe. The study of policy network on spatial governance in Wan-mu-guo-yuan Area revealed multi-stakeholders participation process of spatial governance which needs to hold the revolution process and the internal discipline of policy dynamically, to inspect changes of standpoints, goals and tactics of stakeholders, to give impetus on transformation of policy network operation modes from inner loop mode to public-private operation mode which realized the goal of good governance in urban spatial governance with diversified incentives. The application of policy network analysis provided theoretical explanations and quotable methods to spatial governance in social-spatial transformation process of metropolitan urban-rural fringe.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Research on landscape pattern change and regional ecological restoration: A case study of Mentougou District, Beijing
    WU Guo-xi, YU Zheng-zheng, LIU Liang-yun
    2011, 30(7): 1227-1236. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011070008
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    In this paper, we chose two TM images of 1979 and 2005 as data source, based on normalized difference vegetation index and improved pixel binary model. After geometry revision, atmospheric correction and terrain revision with the aid of remote sensing technology, we calculated the vegetation coverage of Mentougou District, and dynamically monitored the vegetation cover changes of this district. The result shows that the vegetation coverage has a downward trend. Then we analyzed the temporal and spatial changes of the vegetation coverage based on the basic geographic information data and DEM data of this district, and studied the landscape ecology characteristics of the changes using GIS technology and ecological landscape indicators by dividing the area into four parts as ecological fragile areas, ecological control area, ecological coordination area and ecological stability area, and based on the characteristics for each division we proposed some suggestions for the ecological restoration, which can provide decision support for the local government to carry out some ecological restoration Projects.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    The influence of gauge density on the interpolation of critical and antecedent effective precipitation that triggered the debris flow
    ZHANG Guo-ping, CHAO Yuan, XU Feng-wen, ZHAO Lin-na
    2011, 30(7): 1237-1243. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011070009
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    It is important to understand the effect of the rain gauge density on the interpolation of effective antecedent precipitation and critical rainfall. For the 87 debris flow sites, the interpolation rainfall is calculated based on 5%-100% variational sampling scheme of 207 rain gauge stations. The inverse distance weight method is used to interpolate the effective antecedent precipitation and critical rainfall. Using the quantiles method, the relationship between the gauge density and the interpolation rainfall of the day debris flow and the effective antecedent precipitation is analyzed. The result shows the interpolation rainfall is exponentially decreasing due to the decrease of the gauge density. The interpolation of the effective antecedent precipitation is more stable and needs smaller amount of gauge with the same precision than that of the critical precipitation. When the gauge density is less than 5%, the interpolation of the effective antecedent precipitation keeps the real value beyond 60%, otherwise the critical rainfall is under 30%.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    A study on the vertical profile of forest snow liquid water content and variation with time in the snowmelt period
    LU Heng, WEI Wen-shou, LIU Ming-zhe, HAN Xi, HONG Wen
    2011, 30(7): 1244-1253. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011070010
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    Snow liquid water content under crown and in the open ground were measured by a portable instrument(snow fork) in Tianshan Research Station for Snow-cover and Avalanche of Chinese Academy of Sciences (TRS) during the snowmelt period from Mar 29, 2010 to Apr 3, 2010. The vertical profile of snow liquid water content, diurnal variation and variation trends in snow period of the snow layer's water content and their relationships with the air temperature were analyzed. The results indicated that due to the discrepancy of solar radiation, snow density and pollution on surface between open ground and forest, the vertical profile of snow liquid water content, the daily variation and variation trend in the snowmelt period of the snow layer's liquid water content present different characteristics in the open ground, under the edge of crown and at 1m to the tree trunk. Air temperature is the most important factor that influences the snow liquid water content which is exponentially correlated to the air temperature, additionally water content responds differently to the average daily temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, diurnal temperature range and hourly temperature as well as the difference of water content lag to air temperature in the different circumstances of under crown and in the open ground.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Spatial distribution of logistics enterprises in Guangzhou and its influencing factors
    QIAN Qing-lan, CHEN Ying-biao, LI Yan, MO Xing
    2011, 30(7): 1254-1261. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011070011
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    The article is presented based on the material of inspecting 3771 logistics enterprises in Guangzhou at first hand. It uses spatial analysis method of GIS to investigate the spatial distribution of logistics enterprises in Guangzhou City, and reveals the main factor affecting its spatial structure. The result shows that the spatial distribution of logistics enterprises in Guangzhou has the centripetal characteristic that the number of logistics enterprises obviously gradually decreases from the downtown to the suburban area and the peripheral county level cities; logistics enterprises present axial distribution along the major and minor trunk roads. And the selection of logistics enterprises zone has service dependence; urban industrial areas and business districts are important gathering areas of logistics enterprises. The spatial structure of logistics enterprises is the result of comprehensive function of location, transportation, policy, regional economic strength and land price.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Research on the spatial structure of employment distribution in Beijing
    LIU Xiao-quan, SUN Tie-shan, LI Guo-ping
    2011, 30(7): 1262-1270. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011070012
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    Based on the analysis of the 2004 and 2008 economic census data, using Arcgis and locally weighted regression, this article tried to describe and analyze the spatial distribution of employment density in Beijing city. We found that, the polycentric pattern of Beijing employment spatial structure has become more and more clear, however the central city is still very powerful in attracting the significant spatial concentration of employment. Compared with the suburbanization of manufacturing, the concentration in central city of service employment is increasingly significant. Based on the analysis, we can draw some conclusions. Firstly, the city planning has been playing a very important role in the formation of polycentric employment spatial structure, however it has not embodied the basic intent of 'population decentralization'. Therefore we should go on speeding up the construction of polycentric structure. Secondly, although new developing areas have acted on industrial decentralization, they are not the suburban centers with large scale and good function. We should enhance the development of suburban centers to solve urban problems. Thirdly, from the regional perspective, we should promote the formation of regional networking spatial structures.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    The evolution and reconstruction of peri-urban rural habitat in China
    HAN Fei, CAI Jian-ming
    2011, 30(7): 1271-1284. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011070013
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    In the process of rapid urbanization, Chinese rural habitats in peri-urban areas are facing or experiencing unprecedented evolvement and transformation. Therefore, how to inherit, protect and develop rural culture is on the agenda, meanwhile how to make reasonable village planning is becoming a great theme. This paper firstly discusses the basic characteristics, evolution and development types of peri-urban rural habitats. Then, based on these results, it strives to study its development mechanism and reconstruction paths. In conclusion, the paper takes Mentougou District in Beijing as an example. The results showed that peri-urban rural habitats experienced three evolution phases, namely traditional homogeneous morphology, promiscuous morphology in the early period of transformation, and functional zoning in the late period of transformation. They are facing with differentiatation and recombination, which can be realized by three types of reconstruction paths, such as reformed by urbanization, housing removal and reconstruction, and preserving development. Three types of rural development pattern can be summarized, e.g. new rural community dominated by inner-suburban agricultural (rural) multi-functionality, agriculture specialized village dominated by agricultural specialization production and folk-custom village dominated by eco-tourism.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Application of spatial planning decision support system in the division of regional major functional zones
    ZONG Yue-guang, ZHANG Xiao-rui, HE Jin-liao, XUE Song
    2011, 30(7): 1285-1295. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011070014
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    It was eagerly proposed in National Eleventh-Five Plan that China should be divided into several major functional zones at the national or regional levels for the balanced economic development and ecological construction in harmony with natural environment. We integrated GIS spatial analyses and expert decision methods to design and construct a Spatial Planning Decision Support System (SPDSS) in which a new Potential Developing Index (PDI) was innovated based on potential-constraint model and a threshold value of natural capital proposed by Prof. Pearce in 1993. A synthetic assessment index system, including eco-sensitivity indexes, environmental pressure indexes, socio-economic potential indexes and natural resources indexes for assessing regional statements, is first constructed by PDI and the four developing and constraint forces models. Finally, we proposed two major functional division plans supported by SPDSS in the Beijing-Tianjin region, i.e., eco-priority and socio-economic priority.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    The application and reflection of major function oriented zoning in Yunnan
    MA Ren-feng, WANG Xiao-chun, ZHANG Meng, LIU Xiu-tong, LI Wen-jing, HAN Bo
    2011, 30(7): 1296-1308. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011070015
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    During the 11th Five-Year Plan period (2006-2010), land development in Yunnan Province is spatially divided into four types of major function regions. According to each region's function, the government makes practical regional policies to promote regional development and lead to rational distribution of population and economy. This paper discusses the application and reflection of Major Function Oriented Zoning (MFOZ) of Yunnan Province to provide theoretical and methodological information. This paper also focuses on the problems and solutions in the process of MFOZ at national level. Regarding the spatial differentiation of natural environment, the population agglomeration and the economic development foundation, transportation are the leading factors in regional economic development, opportunities or challenges of ethnic & geopolitical issues in Yunnan Province. We had comprehensive evaluation of resources & environment which are carried out at county level, constructed the exercisable method at practice level and research route. The research route is based on 'judging overall situation-the leading factor-synthesis index evaluation-consultation and negotiation about the MFOZ program (draft) by participatory methods-compiling a planning'. This paper puts forward the demarcation thought of MFOZ for mountainous provinces. Firstly, we regionalize the prohibited development region from all the Label Place areas as the main body. Secondly, we have screened the leading factors which can support sustainable development in Yunnan Province, used the leading factor-synthesis index evaluation to divide the land into three regions: Optimal Development Region, Key Development Region and Restrictive Development Region. Thirdly, we also construct the special & characteristic function development area around border land in Yunnan Province based on comprehensive evaluation of opportunities or challenges of ethnic & geopolitical issues of Yunnan Province.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Changing regional income disparities and fiscal transfers in Canada from 1951 to 1991
    WANG Peng-fei, Robert BAO, Catherine WONG
    2011, 30(7): 1309-1318. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011070016
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    In this paper, we analyze regional income disparities and fiscal transfers changes in Canada from 1951 to 1991 based on statistical data and clarify their structure of change. For this purpose, this study describes that the changing inter-provincial differentials of personal income per capita is specified using Gini coefficient, the coefficient of variation and Theil's measure. The results of the survey lead to the following conclusions. The disparities gradually decreased from the early 1950s to late 1960s and dropped sharply in the early 1970s. During the following decade, the disparities tended to decrease significantly from the mid-1970s, and the decrease in disparities became steady in the early 1980s. Based on Theil's measure, the disparities within eastern provinces and between eastern and western regions showed a remarkable reduction. The role of fiscal transfers in the changing regional income inequalities is examined. The expanding disparities within western provinces during the 1980s are responsible for the diverging total disparities. We do not consider that economic growth rate had a significantly negative effect on the divergence of the regional inequalities. These results support disequilibrium and transition perspectives in the sense that an economic boom can increase the relative strength of expansion, and a depression can decrease the effect in Canada. It is true that the convergence of regional inequalities is mainly caused by the expanding fiscal transfers, but this does not mean a sustainable economic growth of low income provinces. This implies that they have increasingly depended upon government transfers in terms of economic well being.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Spatial economic contact of cross-border tourism region based on network analysis: A case study of Hukou Waterfall Scenic Spot
    YANG Xiao-zhong, LIU Guo-ming, FENG Li-xin, LIANG Jia-qin
    2011, 30(7): 1319-1330. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011070017
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    Based on social network theory, with the basic measurement indicators of the supply of employment, catering supplies, accommodation supplies and tourism commodity of main economic entity in tourism region, this study not only finds different supply places and determines network nodes through field investigation, and also constructs incidence matrix, adjacency matrix and network structure of economic ties between the cross-border tourism region Hukou Waterfall scenic area and the periphery. Besides, the cross-border networks are tested, the forming causes are analysed, and their models are constructed in this paper based on the establishment of evaluation index system. Finally, four conclusions are drawn as follows. (1) The economic ties between both sides of tourism region and the periphery are weak, showing a very strong border effect. (2) The tie of catering network is the strongest, yet the tie of accommodation network is the weakest on both sides. All the networks constitute a pyramid structure model. (3) The centrality of Xi'an, Jixian and Xiangning are the highest among all the adjacent matrixes, which is the key point of breaking through border effect, and of promoting cross-border regional integration for the initial growth of tourism region. (4) The structure and scale of regional distribution on both sides show a significant administrative symmetry pattern. The choice and number of nodes, and economic ties also follow distance attenuation laws in the network development process, based on which anti-fan symmetrical diffusion forms are constructed.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Evaluation study on service quality of rural tourism industry based on BCM model: Empirical investigation of Guzhu village, Huzhou city
    QI Huang-xiong, XIE Qian
    2011, 30(7): 1331-1340. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011070018
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    The service quality of rural tourism industry has profound influence on the visitors' revisit and recommendation willingness. Also, it plays a fundamental role in the sustainable development of rural tourism. Based on the BCM model, this essay proposes the initial assessment model composed of three dimensions, i.e. technical quality, functional quality and environmental quality. We made the questionnaires to the 457 tourists from 150 tourism industries in Guzhu village to test the validation of the model. According to the data collected from 415 effective questionnaires, we revised the initial assessment model by using factor analysis. The new model consists of four dimensions: technical quality, functional quality, environmental quality, infrastructure quality, as well as 18 items under each dimension. By using the new model, the essay assesses the service quality of rural tourism enterprises in Guzhu village through fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The results show that scores of the technical quality, the functional quality, the environmental quality and the infrastructure quality are respectively 3.92, 3.69, 3.78 and 3.6. And the overall service quality is 3.78, which indicates that the tourists are relatively satisfied with the overall service quality, technical quality, physical environmental quality and functional quality, but do not feel so happy with the infrastructure quality. The essay argues that rural tourism enterprises should improve its service quality by setting up reasonable price, providing punctual service, notifying tourists of matters needing attention, enhancing cooperation and outsource, etc. The local government should establish the relevant agencies to help develop the enterprises by setting up labor market, and coordinating the relationship among stakeholders. Tourists could get an understanding of the service quality through the aspects of technical quality, functional quality, environmental quality and infrastructure quality, accordingly to promote the tourism experiences by selecting proper products, arranging reasonable journey and transportation mode, and so on.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    The community potential for tourism development in agricultural heritage sites: A case study of Qingtian County
    SUN Ye-hong, MIN Qing-wen, CHENG Sheng-kui, ZHONG Lin-sheng
    2011, 30(7): 1341-1350. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011070019
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    This paper is Presented based on a program known as "Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), initiated in 2002 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Five traditional agricultural pilot sites at global scale were selected to be the GIAHS initiatives in 2005, including the Rice-Fish system in Longxian Village of Qingtian County, Zhejiang Province, China. Two new pilot sites were listed by FAO in 2010 and there would be more systems in the inventory in the future. The key objective of the program is to conserve the traditional agricultural systems and its biodiversity and cultural diversity in a dynamic way. Since GIAHS is different from the world cultural heritage and natural heritage and it focuses more on the co-evolution of human beings and nature and the livelihood of the local community, the local participation in the agricultural heritage sites is of great importance to the conservation of agricultural heritage and tourism development. Hence, evaluating the community potential on the agricultural heritage conservation and tourism development in a scientific way is the basis of the dynamic conservation and adaptive management of the GIAHS. By using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach and establishing the "attitude-behavior" model, this paper tries to assess the community potential in agricultural heritage sites and also to realize the scale change from village level to county level in line with the distance reduction rule, in order to lay the basis for the agricultural heritage dynamic conservation and adaptive management. The study showed: 1) SEM and the "attitude-behavior" model are the new methods of evaluating the tourism community potential in agricultural heritage sites; 2) There is an obvious spatial distance reduction of the community potential by GIS assistance; 3) The case study indicated that the tourism community potential is high in Qingtian County and the scale change from village level to county level is effective, but obviously, the good perception and attitude do not make sure of the sufficient community participation behavior, and the gap still need to be filled in the development process.