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  • Experts Forum
    Peng Hua
    2011, 30(10): 1739-1752. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011100001
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    Although red beds are a widespread landscape in China, geosciences academia fail to pay much attention to it, and a lack of collaboration among related fields results in a trend that different disciplines have different interpretations of the same issue; specifically, much concern on red beds, the fragile geographical unit, is highly needed with regard to land degradation and environmental problems. Humid area in southern China is one of the places where red beds are densely distributed. However, most of red beds areas are suffering from serious geomorphological catastrophes and soil-water erosion; even worse, many places are witnessing huge patches of 'red beds desert'. Even if we might admit that irrational land use contributes to the land degradation in red beds, there is no doubt that land degradation is a natural result of rock landscape evolution. This paper first indicates that natural evolution serves as a process of multi-factors' effect, which can be regarded as a system of mutual causality. Also, this paper analyzes the current researches on slope erosion mechanism of red beds landforms and areas, and raises scientific problems in red beds researches are facing with. Furthermore, this paper claims that a new interdisciplinary thinking of System Dynamics should be introduced to conduct a comprehensive research on the interrelation between red beds and landform development, natural catastrophes, soil erosion, environment degradation, overall geographic environment as well as production-living. Finally, this paper will hopefully find a way to promote land management and environment optimization.
  • Climate and Global Change
  • Climate and Global Change
    HOU Xiang-yang, HAN Ying
    2011, 30(10): 1753-1764. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011100002
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    Temperate steppe of northern China is very vulnerable and sensitive to climate change. It is significant to study herdsmen's perception and adaptation of climate change to enhance adaptive capacity and sustainable development of grassland area. Using a household survey based on questionnaire, this study analyzes the current status and behavior characters of herdsmen's perception and adaptation to climate change and extreme climate events in meadow steppe, desert steppe and desert respectively. The results showed that the climate became warmer and wetter in the last 30 years. There was more heavy snow in the east but more droughts in the west, and extreme climate disasters occurred more frequently in the last 10 years in the grassland area of Inner Mongolia. Although most herdsmen correctly perceived the change of temperature, they gave wrong judge to precipitation. Herdsmen in the east were more impressible to heavy snow and their counterparts in the west more impressible to droughts, thus different measures were taken to combat heavy snow and drought. Present adaptation measures taken by the herdsmen are basically simple and passive, lacking in effective and active ones to cope with the climate change in grassland area.
  • Climate and Global Change
    ZHENG Hong-xing, LIU Jing
    2011, 30(10): 1765-1774. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011100003
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    Northeast China plays an important role in food production and ecological conservation in China. Changes of wetness accompanying with global climate change could have significant impacts on food security and ecosystem health in the area. In this paper, the long-term trends of the aridity index are detected using Mann-Kendall approach for the period 1971-2008. The results of the trend test show that there was an insignificant increase of the aridity index in the region. To explore the cause of the trend, the sensitivity coefficients of aridity index in relation to climate factors including precipitation, temperature, vapor pressure, solar radiation and wind speed were calculated based on the Penman-Monteith method. It is shown that the coefficients related to actual vapor pressure were only slightly lower than those of precipitation, followed by those of temperature, solar radiation and wind speed. The sensitivity of aridity index to temperature decreased from south to north of Northeast China, while that for vapor pressure and solar radiation was largest in the eastern part of the region and the Changbai Mountains respectively. Under the impacts of climate change, the sensitivity coefficients related to temperature, wind speed and solar radiation increased, while the coefficient related to actual vapor pressure decreased. During the past 40 years, the increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation were the main reasons for increased aridity index, but increased vapor pressure, decreased solar radiation and wind speed had alleviated the increase of drought risk in the region.
  • Climate and Global Change
    XIAO Ling-bo, FANG Xiu-qi, YE Yu
    2011, 30(10): 1775-1782. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011100004
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    In this paper, based on historical document and research of administrative history, a group of proxy indexes are selected to describe the spatio-temporal pattern of agricultural development in the Eastern Inner Mongolia (EIM) during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). In comparison of these reconstructed proxy series with local agro-climatic resources (temperature and precipitation) and historical climate change (temperature) in the corresponding period, some results are obtained as follows. (1) Agricultural development in the EIM during 1644-1911 was mostly concentrated in the area with annual accumulated temperature (≥10℃) ≥2500℃ and annual precipitation ≥400 mm; (2) Regions with better climate conditions were reclaimed earlier with a higher density of agricultural settlements compared with poorer ones. (3) Most of the sites that had bumper harvest and the main output regions in grain production were distributed in Chengde and its surrounding areas with the best climate condition in the EIM. (4) Agriculture developed more prosperously in warmer 18th century than in colder 17th and 19th centuries, with more active agricultural migration, northerner agricultural settlements into pastoral region, and almost all the records about bumper harvest grained output.
  • Land Resource and Use
  • Land Resource and Use
    QU Ai-xue, BIAN Zheng-fu
    2011, 30(10): 1783-1794. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011100005
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    Based on maps of urban land use in 1979, 1994, 2003, 2008,1 ∶50000 topographic map in 1994 of Xuzhou, with reference to the latest national standards of the land-use status classification (GB/T21010-2007), urban construction land was identified into residential land, industrial land, commercial and public service land, a vector database of the urban construction land was established and the 10m×10m grid database was generated by re-sampling in Xuzhou urban area. Then a spatial study on the urban construction land of Xuzhou was carried out in the aspects of distance, orientation and spatial pattern relationship, using the methods of GIS such as circle-layer and fan-shaped analysis based on the vector database, and spatial rhythmic analysis based on the grid database. The results were obtained as follows. (1) The line charts of distance about all the three types of urban construction land had the same process of changing from single-peak to multi-peak; both the crest location and the growth area of industrial and residential land had a trend of developing outward; industrial land replacement was steadily developing from the city center to the outer city; residential land had been decreasing within a scope of 0-5 km from the city centre since 1994; by contrast, the commercial and public service land had not a trend of developing outward and its growth had no continuity. (2) Commercial and public service land developed relatively slowly in each orientation; industrial land expanded steadily to the northeast industrial area and the northwest and south outer city; residential land and commercial and public service land expanded rapidly to the beautiful southeast which was set as the dominant orientation of the city. (3) With the rapid development of the city, the three types of urban construction land formed a relationship of discrete extension, then a relationship of cohesive extension; under the effect of the heavy industry, the commercial and public service land, which developed slowly and served industry to a large degree, and the industrial land displayed a relationship of discrete extension, and the characteristic that the industrial area and residential land separated from each other was relatively distinctive.
  • Land Resource and Use
    HE Yan-hua, ZHOU Guo-hua, TANG Kai
    2011, 30(10): 1795-1804. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011100006
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    Along with the tremendous impact of regional development strategy, urban and rural transformation, industrial restructuring and upgrading of the consumption structure of residents on the regional land use, land-use changes more and more rapidly, and sustainable land use also has become a very important problem. In this paper, a case study was conducted in Yiyang, a developing city in Central China. By using the land-use data with a scale of 1:10000 in 2008, this article analyzed the current characteristics of land-use spatial pattern in Yiyang. The study is conducted by the integration of landscape matrics analysis and spatial statistics analysis, with the aid of GIS software such as ArcGis and MapGis and landscape analysis software such as Fragstats. This research shows that the spacial pattern of land-use class-level patches is different from each other in Yiyang. Land use pattern shows a degree of spatial gradient, and the "lake-plain-hill-mountain" terrestrial gradient, "core-periphery" urban-rural gradient and gradient vertical to the transportation lines is prominent. And the main causes are terrestrial difference of geographical environment components such as topography, climate, soils, surface water, and natural disasters and regional differences of human activity such as socioeconomic development and regional development policies, and the factors related to each other. Natural geographic environment is the basic factors for the land-use spacial gradient especially for terrestrial gradient, but it has a little effect on spacial evolution of land-use pattern in the future. Comparatively, human activity, as a key factor, especially to urban-rural gradient and gradient vertical to the transportation lines, acts in different activity intensities, activity ways and activity frequencies.
  • Land Resource and Use
    LIU Hao, ZHANG Yi, ZHENG Wen-sheng
    2011, 30(10): 1805-1817. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011100007
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    Land use intensity, land use type and land use form of the intensive urban land use in different cities, which reflect different levels of development in urbanization, have significant differences. What's more, optional intensity of urban land use is closely related to the urbanization level. Based on the coupling mechanism between intensive urban land use and urbanization, to promote the balance between them is the most important basis of achieving sustainable development. Based on the interaction between intensive urban land use and urbanization, we evaluated index of the intensive urban land use coefficient, the urbanization and the harmonious degree quantitatively by factor analysis with the aid of SPSS16, then set up the degree model of harmonious development. We divided the harmonious degrees into the antagonism, the compromise and the coordination, comprising of three stages. Then using the analysis method of dynamic equilibrium relation of time series, this paper analyzed qualitatively the harmonious degrees. Finally, with the aid of spatial autocorrelation of ArcGIS9.2, the spatial clustering analysis in the Bohai Rim Region which consists of 27 cities in 2000, 2002, 2005 and 2007 year is also evaluated quantitatively. The result shows that the coupling harmonious degrees of cities in the Bohai Rim Region are mainly in three states (Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ) of the compromise stage but have no antagonism stage. During the study period, the relation between intensive urban land use and urbanization is becoming more and more harmonious. Based on its relative state of development, most cities have remained a synchronized development status, and both of statuses in delay and in advance are much less, which are spindle bacilliform in shape. According to the spatial clustering coefficient, the phenomenon of strong spatial-polarization is still not significant, and the high-value center is in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, while the Liaodong Peninsula region is the low-value center.
  • Environment and Ecology
  • Environment and Ecology
    WANG Li-xia, YAN Bai-xing, PAN Xiao-feng, ZHU Hui
    2011, 30(10): 1818-1824. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011100008
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    Drainage ditches are the important channels for transporting nutriment in agro-ecosystems, and the character of drainage water will threaten ecosystem safety in nearby water bodies. After the fifty years' cultivation of wetlands in Sanjiang Plain, drainage ditch was extensively built and has become an important source and passageway transporting iron into river or even Okhotsk Sea, thus affecting the primary productivity in the North Pacific Ocean. In order to assess the change of iron species from drainage canal to river under long-time cultivation of wetlands and the factors affecting the iron behavior, the samples in main canal and branch canal were collected in wet and dry seasons during 2005 to 2008. The dissolved iron was divided into colloidal iron, complexed iron and ionic iron employing the cross-flow filtrate technique. The results showed that iron often exists in total dissolved iron (TDI) and acid labile iron (ALI) in drainage ditches. The concentration of TDI ranged from 0.34 to 3.99 mg·L-1, and the farming activities including tillage and irrigation contributed to the increase of iron output. The mean concentration of TDI in dry season was higher than that in wet season because of dilution. Generally, iron exists in complexed form (exceeding 60% of TDI), followed by colloidal form (about 20% of TDI) and ionized form. The concentration of TDI was higher in main canal than that in branch canal by changing complexed iron into colloidal and ionic forms. The chemical parameters including pH, cation concentration, HCO3-, PO43-, NH4+-N, NO3-N and TOC were researched, and correlation analysis was made between the chemical parameters and TDI. The analysis showed that the concentration of TDI was controlled by rainfall, and affected by the factors including pH, cation concentration, HCO3-, and PO43-. So some field management measures would affect the iron output. For example, application of organic fertilizers would increase TDI transportation whereas the chemical fertilizer decreases TDI output. It is estimated that the transportation of TDI ranged from 45 t to 116 t every year by canal according to the paddy field drainage volume and TDI concentration in the Sanjiang Plain. The chemical change in drainage ditch due to conversion from wetland into cropland may account for a sharp decrease of TDI.
  • Environment and Ecology
    CHEN Xiao-lin, LI Zhong-wu, WANG Xiao-yan, SHEN Wei-ping, ZHANG Xue, GUO Wang, ZHANG Yue-nan
    2011, 30(10): 1825-1834. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011100009
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    Labile organic carbon is more sensitive to changes in land management or environment conditions than stable carbon, although it is a smaller fraction of soil organic carbon. It also has a disproportionately large effect on nutrient-supplying capacity and the structural stability of soils. Therefore, the spatial distribution and its influencing factors (topography, vegetation and soil properties) have been analyzed in Pinus elliottii ecosystem of central subtropical region. Results indicated that the mean of soil labile organic carbon was 1.92g/kg, accounting for 29.12% of soil organic carbon, and the coefficient of variability was 46.15%. Labile organic carbon and carbon lability in gully areas were significantly higher than that in slope position. The results of correlation analysis showed that labile organic carbon was negatively correlated with elevation and aboveground biomass of arbor layer, positively correlated with aboveground biomass of shrubs, but highly significantly positive with soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. Principal component analysis in Canoco showed that the first and second axes were the principal component axes. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and available nitrogen were the first principal component axis affecting labile organic carbon, followed by altitude, pH, total phosphorus and above-ground biomass of shrubs. However, carbon lability had no significant correlation with affecting factors.
  • Environment and Ecology
    FANG Kai, SHEN Wan-bin, DONG De-ming
    2011, 30(10): 1835-1846. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011100010
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    Quantitatively measuring the eco-environmental impacts of energy consumption is an important issue for regional sustainable development evaluation. Taking the carbon cycling process of fossil fuel combustion - carbon dioxide emission - land absorption as the research object, some contents of traditional model such as calculation of land carbon absorption capacity are modified by establishing an energy ecological footprint (EEF) model based on net primary productivity. With Jilin Province as an example, the dynamics of EEF and its each land use type supply from 1994 to 2008 are analyzed by using the modified model, and then the effects of land use/cover change(LUCC) on EEF are revealed by calculating ecological effect index. Furthermore, a system dynamic prediction model under the restriction of LUCC is proposed and used to predict the scenarios of EEF defined as three types in the next 15 years. The results show that, during 1994-2008, the EEF per capita of Jilin Province, of which forest, cropland and grassland are the main part, increases from 0.228 hm2 to 0.524 hm2, indicating a fast rate, while the grassland degradation has become the primary cause of faster increase in EEF besides the factor of energy consumption since 2003. During 2009-2023, the average annual growth rate of EEF per capita will be 6.36%, 10.73% and 11.43% under the scenarios of low growth, medium growth and high growth, respectively. Meanwhile, the negative ecological effects of LUCC will become one of the main driving forces of the increase in EEF. In view of this, more efforts on natural vegetation especially on the western grassland protection should be made to strengthen the regional comprehensive carbon capability. Compared with the traditional model, the modified model could overcome the defects of excessive simplification and pessimism in evaluation results, which can reflect the eco-environmental impacts of energy consumption more factually and roundly.
  • Economy and Regional Development
  • Economy and Regional Development
    WU Qi-yan, ZENG Wen
    2011, 30(10): 1847-1860. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011100011
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    As a phenomenon of urban political economy, urban primelot is an inevitable consequence of the development of urban political economy in China recently. Firstly, this paper reviews the theory of urban political economy at home and abroad; then explains the phenomenon of primelot through theories of urban regime and growth machine by analyzing the mechanism of each interest group behind this setting. It reveals that urban primelot is an urban political economy aftermath of the interactions between different political economy groups in the area of land development. This study also indicates that there are four features in this urban setting. (1) Local government is the core in this growth coalition that dominates other parts or agents/agencies, for the local offices need not care too much about their parochial civilian as well as their superior in Chinese appointed bureaucracy system. (2) The central government not only has the absolute, but final macro controls over the growth coalition as well, however, these leaders are hesitating to disorganize the local growth machines or coalitions since it may jeopardize national economic locomotive which has been lasting for over three decades since Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening up policy started in 1978. (3) Growth coalition and anti-growth coalition constitute a kind of cooperate-collide continuum. The more peripheral individuals or organizations who are distributed away from the center of core-benefit in the building of growth machines might be more inclined to throw themselves into the lap of anti-growth coalition. (4) The category of urban growth machines or urban regimes might differentiate within the development of national citizenship in historical scale and the economic capacity of local governments in geographical scale. In the areas open wider to the ourside world, such as Beijing and Shanghai, the municipalities would rather build somewhat concessionary regimes/federalist regime than conserving regime/elitist entrepreneurial regime in which the local governments are hungry for development capital and dream for achievements. Therefore, according to the structure of building, dynamic machine and self-organization of growth coalitions, the nationalization process of land market might be necessary to disconnect the coalition through pumping more investment capital into local authorities from the central government or deducing the social consumption responsibility of local governments by the central government.
  • Economy and Regional Development
    WANG Tao, Stefan HENNEMANN, Ingo LIEFNER, LI Dan-dan
    2011, 30(10): 1861-1872. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011100012
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    Knowledge network is a kind of inter-connected network that is born in the process of diffusion and communication of knowledge by the actors who create, transfer, absorb and apply knowledge, such as enterprises, universities, organizations and institutions. Network structures may exert influence on the actors and regions involved, and the potential for successful knowledge absorption and learning may be partly determined by network positions. Up to present, there are no researches about the evolution of spatial structure of knowledge network in China. In recent years, the evolutionary economic geography in Europe and USA begins to explore the spatial structure and evolution of knowledge networks from the geographical angle. But because of language and cultural barriers, the western research focused more on international knowledge flows and connections about knowledge networks in China, while the evolution of Chinese domestic knowledge networks were rarely involved. Purposes of this paper are: 1) to establish the estimation model to analyze the formation mechanism of spatial patterns of knowledge network, and to reveal the dynamic mechanism of its evolution; 2) to provide some advice to the government for policy making of national innovation system.This paper takes statistical data of the papers published in cooperation about the biotechnology in the database of Chinese Scientific and Technical Journals (Journal of Chongqing VIP) from 2000 to 2009 as data source. Based on the theory and methods of social network analysis in New Economic Sociology, it uses UCINET and ArcGIS to analyze the spatial structure and the evolution of knowledge network of biotechnology at provincial level in China. In recent 10 years, the knowledge network developed in three phases: infant stage, expansion stage and maturity stage. Accordingly, the major pattern of knowledge diffusion in the network changed from contagious diffusion to hierarchical diffusion. The spatial high-density of knowledge connections also changed from decentralization to concentration, then again to decentralization. The interactions of geographical proximity and organizational proximity between nodes impact the evolution of network. Based on the result, this paper suggests that the national innovation system should improve the biotechnology through two ways: 1) shortening the social distance of actors who create knowledge; 2) optimizing spatial disposition of innovation resources.
  • Economy and Regional Development
    GUO Teng-yun, DONG Guan-peng, SUN Wei
    2011, 30(10): 1873-1881. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011100013
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    Increasing returns to scale (IRS) play a core role in economic geography, urban economics and new economic geography, and are almost an article of faith of scientists engaged in these disciplines; however, the empirical evidence of increasing returns to scale is rarely of interest for these scientists. This paper examines the role of increasing returns to scale in empirical explanation of the pattern of economic growth. It presents estimates for the Dynamic Verdoorn Law related labor productivity growth to output growth, using data for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region (BTHMR) during 1995-2000, 2000-2007 and 1995-2007. Over the traditional specification, we have three advantages. First, regional social forces, cultural forces and the thickness of institution associated with output growth are considered rather than only the capital stock as the omitted variables. Second, spatial dependence of output growth and labor productivity growth are modeled in our SDM. Third, spatial heterogeneity is modeled through the Bayesian Spatial Heterogeneity Model (BSHM), which alleviates the biasness caused by heteroscedasticity. Based on the specification of model and the proper estimation methods, several results are drawn as follows. 1) The output growth has a strong positive relationship with labor productivity growth about 0.9, which strongly confirms the IRS play an essential part in the polarization and pattern of economic growth in BTHMR. 2) The magnitude of the positive impact of output growth on labor productivity growth is increasing with time, which means that the polarization of economic growth in BTHMR will continue and becomes stronger. In our BSHM, the impact of output growth on labor productivity during 2000-2007 is 0.06 larger than that during 1995-2000. 3) The growth of output in contiguous regions has a negative influence on the very region, which vividly depicts the process of growth for metropolises such as Beijing and Tianjin with their economic growth based on the attraction of productive factors from contiguous regions. This paper argues that our model, built around the productivity-output growth nexus is consistent with an attempt what one might expect as an empirical manifestation of new economic geography theory, and therefore it is seen as a way of confronting our version of new economic geography with data, and an attempt to discover the mechanism of the economic growth in BTHMR.
  • Economy and Regional Development
    WANG Bin, WANG Yi-qiang
    2011, 30(10): 1882-1890. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011100014
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    The article led into the concept of gravity centre, wielded gravity centre computing method based on economic space structure, and identified economic gravity centers of Fujian Province from 1989 to 2008. After exporting space change pictures of economic gravity center points by GIS, it analyzed the dynamic variation and the change laws of economic gravity centers by such indices as moving direction, moving distance, space correlativity in the province in the past 20 years. The results show that the economic gravity centers are mainly situated between southeast Dehua County and northeast Yongchun County, which are basically close to the geometric center. However, this paper presents a tendency that the distance between economic gravity center and geometric center is expanding unceasingly, which indicates that economic development in Fujian is becoming more and more unbalanced and displays a tendency which inclines to the southeast. The general moving trend of economic gravity center is from northwest to southeast during the past 20 years, while the moving track displays some fluctuation. The annual moving distance and direction display a positive correlation between regional economic development levels and speed and regional development policies in the province.
  • Urban and Rural Studies
  • Urban and Rural Studies
    ZHANG Huan-zhou, SHEN Xu-wei, GAO Jing
    2011, 30(10): 1891-1900. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011100015
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    The spatial structure of urban waterfront generally extends along the axis to both ends, namely being a zone, which also becomes one of the main modes of leisure spatial planning and design in the water area. Based on a review of basic concepts and literatures at home and abroad, this paper expounded and summarized major spatial structure features of leisure zones in urban waterfront, that is mobility, symmetry, amphibiousness, and openness. The leisure products and service within a leisure zone of the Grand Canal in downtown Hangzhou were taken as a case to focus on and analyze the spatial layout and evolution of point, linear, and planar space unit. Furthermore, this study pointed out that the spatial assembling of existing resources showed us a first and a second orientation, the spatial distribution of nodes in the zone was unbalanced and the spatial functions were complementary considering both internal and external dimensions. Finally, some suggestions and proposals, including optimizing spatial order, protecting the Blue Belt and Green Belt, constructing collaborative alliances, highlighting spatial character and carrying on regional context, were put forward to realize a sustainable and harmonious development of the leisure zone in urban waterfront.
  • Urban and Rural Studies
    CHANG Jiang, LIAO Qiu-fang, WANG Liang-jian
    2011, 30(10): 1901-1909. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011100016
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    Based on the land transaction data in Changsha from 2003 to the first half of 2009, GIS and econometrics methods were used to compile three spatial structure maps on the distribution of commercial, residential and industrial land prices. Then this paper analyzed the spatial distribution of the three types of land prices and its influencing factors in Changsha. The results are shown as follows. First, the spatial distribution of land price is different in terms of land use types. Commercial land price calls more for the degree of CBD, and the high value areas are concentrated near the center of the city—Wuyi square. Residential land price is consistent with the level of environment quality, and compared with commercial land price, the degree of aggregation for areas with high values comes down to some extent. Industrial land price, which depends more on external traffic factors, is relatively sparsely and evenly distributed in space. Second, the factors affecting the spatial variation of the three types of land are different due to different usages of the land. Degree of CBD is the most important factor among the factors affecting spatial land change in the single central city—Changsha land price, which also has significant influence on the three types of land use.
  • Urban and Rural Studies
    LI Zhi-gang, LIU Ye, CHEN Hong-sheng
    2011, 30(10): 1910-1920. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011100017
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    Against the backdrop of rapid urbanization, homeplace-based communities accommodating rural migrants from the same origin areas have proliferated in China's metropolitan cities. This phenomenon has attracted a wide range of political concern and media attention. However, little scholarly attention has been devoted to such rural migrant enclaves from the perspective of the social space, and to what extent and in what way 'the power of place' imposes influences upon the migration process and the labor-market process of rural migrants remain poorly understood. Based on field study and qualitative method, this paper aims to probe into the evolution process, basic characteristics, formation mechanism, and spatiality of Hubei Village, a homeplace-based community located in the city of Guangzhou, in the context of rapid urbanization. Our findings reveal that Hubei Village in general has become specialized in economic structure, homogeneous in sub-ethnic composition, and diversified in social stratum since the advent of the reform and opening up, and that abundant production networks and recruitment channels embedded with native space connections engender this community an enclave of key social and cultural distinction from surrounding areas. Our results suggest that Hubei Village plays a key role in accumulating and retaining all kinds of sub-ethnic elements, e.g. capital, labor force, and identity. Specifically, Hubei Village provides a place for the circuit of Hubei migrants' economic capital, for upward mobility of hubei labor migrants, and for integration of Hubei migrants into the host society of detonation cities. Our results further indicate that Hubei Village is a product of interrelated and interwoven forces at varied geographical scales, including market, institutional, and regional-level factors on a macro scale, factors related to urban expansion and infrastructure development on a meso scale, and factors related to competitive edges of Hubei garment factories, entrepreneurial spirit of Hubei migrants, and active response of local community on a micro scale. Based on our empirical study, we make a conclusive remark that homeplace-based communities, as new urban social spaces facilitated by grass-root efforts, make great contributions to the integration of neo-migrants in China's metropolitan cities. Therefore, governments should be cautious to carry out the wholesale demolition of homeplace-based communities, and should reconsider existing redevelopment policies toward urbanized villages.
  • History and Culture
  • History and Culture
    YANG Bin
    2011, 30(10): 1921-1929. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011100018
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    The government of the Republic of China made cleaning-up and mending on the enclaves in the border area between Sichuan and Guizhou in the years 29-35 during the period of the Republic of China (1940-1946). This work can be divided into two stages: in the first stage, the two provinces did the cleaning-up and mending in 1940-1944; in the second the work was done under the auspices of the Internal Affairs Ministry of the Republic of China in 1945-1946. The effects of the work were very obvious. Field surveys were made and some resolutions were achieved after conferences. Thirty-three problems were solved, which were associated with the enclaves involving 8 counties, 17 villages and towns in the border area between Sichuan and Guizhou. However, due to the impact of the local protectionism, the lack of knowledge of enclaves and different viewpoints of enclaves, the tasks were not completed yet. There were not only some problems remaining unsolved, but also many of them were not taken into consideration. The study of the cleaning-up and mending process will play an important role in strengthening the enclave study, summarizing the experiences in cleaning-up and mending the enclaves and solving the remaining unsolved problems of enclaves.