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  • 2000 Volume 19 Issue 1
    Published: 15 March 2000
      
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  • Socioeconomic factors determining China’s deforestation rates
    LI Shuang-cheng, YANG Qin-ye
    2000, 19(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2000010001
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    As a renewable resource,forests notonly provide timber and other products but also have influences on biodiversity and genetic resources.In recent decades,China has higher deforestation rates than some other countries.Between 1994 and 1996,the average annual deforestation in China was approximately 3.0% of the forested area. The underlying causes of deforestation are,however,poorly understood.In this paper,the correlation between deforestation in China and 9 socioeconomic variables is analyzed,and the result shows that there are significant correlations between deforestation and some variables.In China,forest products per unit forest area have the greatest effects on deforestation rate. Our analyses reveal several possible causes of deforestation such as overpopulation, cyclical economic fluctuation and errors in policy,and show that strong domestic demand for timber and fuel-wood and charcoal owing to overpopulation and economic development is the principal cause of high deforestation.According to previous deforestation studies, policy factor deserves greater attention. Our studies have important policy and managementimplications,and advocate that some measures should be adopted in order to slow down the declining tendency of forest resources in China.
  • A strategic study on the promotion of the economic development of impoverished regions and minority national regions
    FAN Jie, YANG Xiao-guang
    2000, 19(1): 8-14. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2000010002
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    The development of minority nationality regions and impoverished regions is an important part of coordinated regional development in China.This paper first examines the effects of relevantpolicies and analyses the developmentprospects of these regions. On the basis of the above analysis,major strategies are put forward,such as to improve the living standard of local residents,to pay closer attention to environmental and ecological protection,to strengthen the intranational and international cooperation,etc. Finally,in order to improve the the effects of regional policies,poverty-relief strategies in major regions are discussed respectively.
  • On cartographic visualization
    QIN Jian-xin, ZHANG Qing-nian, WANG Quan-ke, WU Jian-sheng
    2000, 19(1): 15-21. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2000010003
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    Cartographic visualization is one of the focuses of cartography,and is now attracting more and more attention. The paper gives the definition of cartographic visualization in the beginning,and then presents some characteristics of cartographic visualization. The diagram of cartographic visualization research is putforward in the most important part of this paper,which includes six parts. There are research on cartographic visualization variables,research on classification of cartographic visualization,research on spatial-temporal data structure and models,research on the impact of visualization and perception of visualization,research on virtual reality,research on spatial cognition and the communication of spatial information. In the end,a case study on Beijing 3D terrain is introduced.
  • On evolutionary pattern of types of the tourist area in China
    FAN Jin-zhao
    2000, 19(1): 22-29. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2000010004
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    This paper studied the tourism development in China,which is a macroscopic social and historical phenom enon,from the point of view of tourism geography and historical geography.Around the central view of the change of the relationship between human being and geographical environment,the author,at first,divided the history of China's tourism developm ent into some particular periods,according to the difference of the dominant factors and their values and goals,which decided their tourism. Then, relevantly,advanced a new opinion of evolutionary pattern of types of the tourist area in China,this is: 1. the period of trade and knowledge——the type of economic places and cities by travelling; 2.the period of worship and achievement——the type of historical sites and sacred lands by visiting; 3. the period of aestheticismand empathy——the type of scenic spots and natural landscapes by sight-seeing; 4. the period of art and skill——the type of Chinese gardens by enjoying and appreciating; 5. the period of foreign countries-transplanting——the type of health resorts and entertainment by recreating; 6. the period of administration-leading——the type of sanatoriums and parks by resting; 7. the period of market-pushing——the type of holiday grounds and vacation lands by sporting; 8. the period of self-choosing——the type of ecological and natural reserves and wilderness areas by exploring.
  • A study on the landscape pattern and differentiation of fragile environment in Yulin Prefecture
    ZHANG Ming
    2000, 19(1): 30-36. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2000010005
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    As the typical representative of mixed zone of agriculture and husbandry in arid and semi-arid region,Yulin Prefecture not only has its special spatial pattern in physical geography,butalso has typical characteristics of fragile ecosystemand differentiation rule in ecology.This paperapplied the basic theory and method of landscape ecology to analyze the landscape pattern of fragile environment in this area.The driving forces of ecological differentiation in this region are also identified quantitatively.At last the differentiation dynamics of landscape ecology in the regional ecosystemare studied.
  • Integrated model of sustainable water resources planning:formulation and application
    JIANG Ye-fang, LIANG Ji-yang
    2000, 19(1): 37-44. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2000010006
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    This paper deals with the concept,formulation and a case study of integrated model of sustainable water resources planning. Water resources development involves multiple objectives,which often conflict with each other and are not commensurable.In general,they are identified as social objective,economic objective,and environmental objective.Social and economic developm ent demands more water supply,and produces more waste,which has negative impacts on the environment.Environment deterioration will thwart economic growth and social progress.Economic development will make it possible to invest more money in environmental improvement and to increase water supply. Sustainable water resources planning aims to achieve a balane between these needs.The goal of this paper is to develop a model framework,which can assistin model design for sustainable water resources planning. Mathematically,an integrated model of sustainable water resources planning is a multiobjective programming model,which has maximum social,economic and environmental benefit objectives,subjectto a series of constraints.As to a specific region, sustainable water resources development means the soical-economic-environmental-water resources system develops in a harmony and ordered state.The model,which integrates water resources system state equation,environmrnt system state equation and macro-economic state equation,among other constratints can regulate the system to the designed goals while maintaining its performance within a specified range. In the case study,maximum GDP(Gross Domestic Production) and minm um COD (Chemical Oxygen Dissolution) discharge are designed as economic and environmental objectives respectively,and water resources budget equation,integrated enlarged reproduction and input-output equation,and stream flopw COD load equation etc are embedded as constraints. The sector output-value and allocation of fixed capital investment between economic sectors are decision variables.A water resources decision support system(WRDSS) is developed to gegerate solution to the model.Application of the WRDSS shows that the system can properly demonstrate macroeconomic state and environmental state under various water resources development policies and can assist decision-makers in evaluating water resources planning programs.
  • Self-organizing behaviours of alluvial fan-delta system and management countermeasure, with examples from the lower Yellow River and its estuary
    YIN Guo-kang
    2000, 19(1): 45-52. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2000010007
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    By the analysis of the plane and section form of stream channel,the channel pattern changing in a downstream direction,the feedback each other between aggradation and elongation of channel,the growth and decline of estuarine barrier bar,and the geomorphic process of delta coastof erosion retreat pattern in the lower Yellow River,the paper brings out:(1) the function of self-adapting environment and the self-organizing behaviours of fan-delta system,which are divided into two kinds,linear and non-linear; (2) the multi-level character of the behaviours and the entirety of its functional effect on system;and (3) the cycle nature of order changing by self-organization,involving autocycle and allocycle. The analysis indicades thatthe self-organizing behaviour of fan-delta system is perfect for dispensing uniformly sediment over the surface of alluvial fan-delta as well as on delta coast zone.Three management countermeasures for the lower Yellow River are suggested:(1) long term warping in the downstream direction in a planned way,(2) arranging the flow path of the main river on the delta in a planned way,(3) as a perspective mouth rivercourse,arranging the reach ofthe Yellow River below Qinghezhen through Tuhai He river to empty itself into the Bohai sea.These are a fundamental way out for handling sediment issue of the lower Yellow River.And they are also the basic measures for eliminating flood hazard of the lower Yellow River by turning an abrupt change into a progressive change and turning bane into boon.And they are also the major measures for this area to turn into a sustainable development.
  • Peat record of climate change sincce 3000 years in Yangmu, Mishan region
    XIA Yu-mei, WANG Pei-fang
    2000, 19(1): 53-59. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2000010008
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    Peatland of Yangmu in Mishan region is located at 45°34′N,132°23′E. 5 spore pollen zones are divided throngh the spore pollen analysis. The change process of paleovegetation and paleoclimate was obtained. Warm-inclined broad-leaved forest predom inated in the environment of warm climate with a little dry climate before 3400 a B.P..Deciduous broad-leaved and conferous mixed forestpredominated,in which Pinus, Picea and Abies were main speries,together with wet meadow in the environiment of the cool and wet climate during 3400～1940 a B.P..Deciduous broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forest predominated in the environmentof dry and warm climate from 1940 to 1090 a B.P..Broad-leaved forest was predominant,and the climate was the warm and wet from 1090～545 a B.P..Bog m eadow predominated when the climate changed to cool and dry from 545 a B.P.. The compostion of the upper part of the 143～125 cm peat profile presented the cold period in the early of Christian era through the mutual identification between the records of historical material such as spore pollen,magnetization rate,organic matter,and archaeology study.The composition of the parts of 125～85 cm and 85～38cm presented the warm climate in Nan Bei Dynasty and Sui-Tang Dynasty.Since 3400 a B.P.for the reason of frequent human activites in Mishan region,the amunt of cultural relics in Sui-Tang Dynasty increased,which represented thatancient man took much more woods from the forest,while it was in an environment of warm climate.
  • Analyzing the climate features in princess elizabeth land, antarctica
    ZHANG Ming-jun, LI Zhong-qin, QIN Da-he, XIAO Cun-de, KANG Jian-cheng, LI Jun
    2000, 19(1): 60-64. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2000010009
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    Snow samples recovered from seventy-three snow pits along the route of the 1996/1997 Chinese First Inland Traverse Expedition in Princess Elizabeth Land,Antarctica,have been measured for oxygen isotope ratio.Accumulation data along the route were also acquired by cane measurements.By analyzing the δ18O and accumulation data of the region,this paper first presents the climate features in Princess Elizabeth Land,Antarctica. The temperature and precipitation decrease with distance from the coastthough there are some differences between them.Then we try to discuss the influencing factors and mechanisms of temperature and precipitation variations with distance from the coast.
  • A study on the regional combiantion and synthetical evaluation of coastal port resources in Liaoning Province
    YANG Yin-kai, HAN Zeng-lin
    2000, 19(1): 65-72. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2000010010
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    Coastal portresource is a kind of marine spatial resources and the material base for building port.Synthetical evaluation and effective utilization of coastal port reousrces is the premise to exploit the marine natural resources and develop regional economy.The study on the regional combination of coastal port resources is the prerequisite to develop and utilize coastal port resources more systematically.In this paper,the authors made a synthetical evaluation on the coastal resources in Liaoning province based on type of water front,quantity,quality,regional system,and currentstate of development.Espically,by applying AHP,the authors recived the array of the coastal portresources quality.Then, the basic theory of regional combination of coastal port resources was expounded.On the basis of the research above mentioned,the coastal port resources in Liaoning province were divided into four regional combination zones——the northern of the Yellow Sea,the southern tip of Liaodong Peninsula,the top of Liaodong Bay and the western tip of Liaodong Bay.The presentsituation,the main problems and the countermeasures ofevery regional combization zone were given.
  • A study on basic territorial differences in the man-land system in Karst Regions of South China
    CHEN Hui-lin
    2000, 19(1): 73-79. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2000010011
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    The writer of the paper divides karst regions of South China into three most typical and basic kinds of man-land systems,namely,poor karst mountain areas,karst basins,town area in the valley and karst tourist areas. The division is based on the regional interconnections of different environments with different karst topographical structure,population composition,psychological behaviour,economic growth,utilization form of natural resources and living conditions.Through the discussion on the forming causes,developmental course,structural characteristics,and the present situatin of these three man-land systems,the author indicates that the ecological environment of the karst region in South China,which is one of the regions with a tense man-land relation,has come to the verge of ecological environment destruction because of unreasonable exploitation and utilization for quite a long time. Main solutions to the problems in differentkinds of man-land systems have been putforward at the end of the paper.
  • The frist research on constructive land suitability evaluation in connective location between town and country
    LIU Gui-li
    2000, 19(1): 80-85. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2000010012
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    With reforming and opening policy,our cities,like those in many other developing countries,are expanding. Both constructive land and arable land are short. In order to well carry out prime land planning,especially in the suburb area,and coordinate the contradiction between the two kinds of land,the thesis discusses Constructive land suitability evaluation system. During the research and practice,we chose Hanshan district of Handan city as a study area.Through sorting and analyzing the data from the research region,we put forward the principal classification factors. Supported by GIS,a kind ofevaluation index system forconstructive land and the working procedure were obtained. Atthe same time,constructive land suitability evaluation for the research region was conducted.We probed into a setof convenientand practicable working skills in using the software of Idrisi. It can be seen that constructive land suitability evaluation system can be used,not only for solving the problems in current land use practice,but also for planning control.
  • GIS interoperability and its architecture
    HUANG Yu-xia, CHEN Chang-song, HE Jian-bang
    2000, 19(1): 86-92. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2000010013
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    There are two ways to achieve Geo-information sharing:data transformation and GIS interoperability. Data transformation is an approach which mainly focuses on the data integration,but GIS interoperability implies that both data with different formats and data structures and processing resources related to the data can be sharable.Mutual access to data and processing resources are the basic characteristics of GIS interoperability. GIS interoperability stresses semantic interoperability. Based on client/server,object-oriented,component and driver technology,the architecture of GIS interoperability has been presented.There are many key aspects in this architecture:communication protocol, specification,requests and answers,API and driver.
  • Identification and generalization of area clusters by mathematical morphology
    ZHANG Qing-nian, Qin Jian-xin
    2000, 19(1): 93-100. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2000010014
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    Many kinds of area features tend to distribute in clusters in map sheets.These clusters usually impress map reader with the concentration of map features.When a generalized map is derived froma detailed map,the pattern and characteristics of cluster distribution should be maintained to some extent.This paper discusses the method of identification and generalization of clusters and regular structural units by mathematical morphology.Clusters are identified based on two criteria,i.e.,proximity between features inside clusters and the ratio between distances inside and outside cluster.Further more,neighboring features with similar size,spacing and orientation are identified as regular structural units inside clusters.After cluster identification,regular structural units are generalized in a way to maintain their characteristic pattern on size,spacing and orientation.Other features inside clusters are generalized associated with theircontext,so thatthe general characteristics and distribution of clusters are maintained.
  • Economy geography in the times of knowledge economy
    JIA Shao-feng
    2000, 19(1): 101-106. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2000010015
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    Knowledge economy is a higher stage of economy development.The coming of knowledge economy provides many new study topics for economy geography,such as the organization of knowledge economy,the distribution of information industry,the distribution of high and new technology industry,the globalization of economy and the regional innovation environment,etc.Knowledge economy also makes economy geography to be more open to government,enterprises and other disciplines,in order to obtain more comprehensive information and knowledge abouteconomy and be more powerful to provide information and consultation for government and enterprises.
  • On the transfomation of geography in China
    CAO Shi-tu, SUN Tian-sheng
    2000, 19(1): 107-112. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2000010016
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    Faced with the reality of Geography in China falling into a woeful predicament, and after analyses the cause that leads to this case,the author argues that effective solution is to promote the standard of theory research of geography,to alter its system,to integrate the theory with practice,to activate the role of geographical research acts in helping decision making and finally,to rectify the direction and orientation of geographical research.