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  • 1995 Volume 14 Issue 4
    Published: 15 December 1995
      

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  • Guo Tingfu
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    Tjhis paper comprehensively discusses the present situations, problems and countermea-sures of soil and water conservation in Chna.Soil and water conservation, as ahnd of science, has experienced four stages which are exploration period(1920-1940), model demonstration and development period(1950-1970), period of close combination of small river basin control and economic benefits(1980s), and period of legislation for amelioration and development.Nowadays, China has a soil erosion area of 3.67 million km2, occupying 38.2% of the territory.The condition is getting worse. In order to control soil erosion and develop regional economy, since 1949, China has controlled more than 500 000km2 eroded land, constructed 0.15 billion mu farmlands and more than 0.5 billion mu soil and water conservation forests, planted and reserved more than 50 million mu grasses, planted more than 50 million mu economic fruit trees. The accumulative increased amount of product value is 63 billion RMB Yuan. The annual increased amourit of foods is l5 billion kg, the annual increased amount of fruits is 25 billion kg.The water retaining capacity was increased by 18 billion m3.The annual amount of eroded soils was decreased by 1.1 billiont.Moreover, a great progress was made in legislation, scientific research and latent training. The writer thinks that soil and water conservation is a longterm task.We should improve the works in soil and water conservation in the future.
  • Gu Chaolin, Zhao Xiaobin
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    Chna's regional development can not be fully understood if its overall economic management system is not examined.The relationships,in forms of fiscal budgetary power and economic planning,between the central and local governments and between the state and enterprises are important components in China's regional development.This is because these relationships have basically determined the direction and distribution of flows of capital and resources in the economies,which are crucial source and dynamics for regional development. This paper is to examine the institutional weakneses in the Chinese socialist fiscal and planning systems and their resultant impact on China's spatial development before 1993.Based on a systematic evaluation of the practices and reforms in the state financial and plan-ning systems and the experience of regional development over the past four decades,this paper argues that both "interior balanced development" and "neven coastal strategy" (or "gettiiig rich first")have serious systemic flaws.In line with the new development of western regional development theory and Chinese reality, this paper attempts to explore for a better system or amodel for Chinese regional development,in which central cities and urban agglomeration play vital parts for more efficient and equitable spatial development in China.
  • Li Kerang, Zhang Haoxi, Yin Siming
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    In this paper,we study the natural background of disaster occurrences,especially the impacts of geological tectonic,monsoon climate and geomorphological factors on the disasters. The regionalization of natural environment producing disasters is laid down. The resultshows that there are two main areas producing disasters,which are northern plain and southern hills.Ten subareas prone to disasters are divided based on the geomorphological types.We also analyse the background of socioeconomy,area capacity of bearing disasters and impacts of human activities on the disasters. On the basis of the interactions among all the components in the earth system and the impacts of external forcing factors on the disasters,theoccurrence and development of disasters are discused.
  • Quansheng Ge, Wei-Chyung Wang
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    In this paper, it is considered that the confliction between the quick growth of population and the shortage of cuItivated-land, climate change and it's bad impact on agriculture played a special role on evoking Taiping Tianguo Rebellion(frotn 1851 to 1864 A.D.)to break out, based on the analysis of a lot of historical materials.
  • Tang Yigong
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    The present situation of environment in the Region of Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan is the result of human activity in the historical periods.Especially since the Jin Dynasty, the human effects on the nature had become stronger and stronger, the environmental problems ap-peared in a vicious circle.This paper is to explain the process and interrelation between popu-lation and landuse and try to find some laws that are useful to the improving of the regional environment.There are folloving two main parts in the paper:Ⅰ.Population research:In the Jin Dynasty, population increased acceleratively;in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties(A.D. 1276-1644), population increased with a sustainability;from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic Period, the population increased greatly. Ⅱ.Research on the landuse process in the region.Reclaiming wasteland and growing food grains by garrison and peasants appeared in the Jin Dynasty and reached its climax in the Ming Dynasty.According to the interrelation analysis between the population increase and cultivated area, it is concluded that theyfollow a linear equation(before A.D.1796):y=522+5.24x(y:cultivated area, x:population).The equation means that population and cultivated area increase with a similar rate.
  • Liu Yong, Mao Hanying
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    Regional interfering aims at the promotion of regional division and cooperation and the reduction of regional disparties.The main problems in the developed countries are the increase of spatial disparities and the equilibrium between different regions. The regional policies in the developed ountries were made and implemented when economv was developed to a certain level and the per capita(GDP was more than 500 USD(at the price in 1920's and 1930's).The expenditure used to balance different regions accounts for about 10~30% of the budget of the central government.The regional policies in China have two aspects:regional development and equilibrium between different regions. During the ninth "five-year planning" period, the general conqideration in(China's regional polices should be to give firxt priority to efficiency.The equilibrium between different regionsk should also be considered.The main measures adopted should be to speed up the construction of markets which are spatially connected, to combine industrial policies and regional policies and to streng then the works to help poor areas.
  • Zhang Zhiqiang
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    Population,Resource,Environment and Development (PRED)are four foci of the human environment relationship. There are complex relationships and feedback among them.Therefore,the key to solving these problems is to make PRED develop coordinately and harmoniously. By defining the concept of "Regional、 FRED System" and applying the systemanalysis method,we can explore the mechanism of the interplay and feedback of the PRED system. On the basis of this,the framework of the subordinate decision-making support system (SDSS) for the regionol PRED coordinated development can be constructed,including the processes of quantitative analysis,modelling,simulation,and multi-objective decision evaluation.
  • Wu Heng
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    Urban area land-use and planning is a complicated system engineering issue which is controlled by many kinds of factors,Based on engineering geologic point of view,the analysis should consider many factors including geologic environment and city construction,collect much more information and data,and get the most optimum result.All works can be done by making a evaluating system with the computer,The author of this paper described the knowledge hase structure of the system,showed the techniques to change the code number,to translate and to optimize the information,and introduced a case study of evaluating system fpr the land-use and planning in Nanning City.
  • Liang Jiyang
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    To arrange migration froin the,ubmergible region in the Three Gorge Reservoir to themountains,it is possible to bring about changes in water and soil conditions of terrain surfacein the reservoir region.The storm is the most important dynamic factor causing erosion. The paper analysed temporal distribution of the annual precipitation in the Ziqui region,and discovered very strong variation characters in the temporal and spatial distribution ofstorms,At the same time the paper described relevant hydrological factors,such as evapo-transpiration,moisture of the soil,etc.Then the stormrunoff process in the Wangjia Bridge catchment was simulated.
  • Yu Xixian
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    According to the records a6out sunny and rainy days in Xu Xiake's Travels, it is discovered that there was a continuous heavy rain which lasted for 57 days in a 87-day period from the late September to the early December in 1638.Of the 48 days from Aug 8 to Sept 26 in the lunar calender there were 44 days with continuous heavy rains. In the present meteorological records from the central part of Yunnan there are no such extra long autumn rains.
  • Chen Yufeng, Zhang Qiang
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    Baed on the study of deven authentic works and induction of the periodcal linkage between climate and celestial activities, this paper discusses the correspondence between climate and celestial activities and its regional characteristics, It is pointed out that(1)there is a close periodical correspondence between climate and celestial activities;(2)there are strong regional characteristics in both the impacts of celestial activities on earth climatic system and the responsis of regional climate to celestial activities.
  • Xiao Ping
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    Geographic engineering is aproject which combines the geographic theories with engineering.It is imperative and possible to develop geographic engineering.Distinguished with the environmental engineerring,it is based on the theories of geographic systems. In terms of the principles of geographic engineering, a project which adopts of the theories the agro-forestry system, soil amelioration and low input technologies of irrigation, is devised for the small catchments in the red soil area in Southen China.
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