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  • 2012 Volume 31 Issue 12
    Published: 10 December 2012
      

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  • 论文
    XIA Hai-bin, WANG Zheng
    2012, 31(12): 2123-2138. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012120001
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    In this paper,on the basis of three natures which determine Chinese spatial heterogeneity, further analysis of the role of three natures on the regional development and evolution is done in the point of view of evolutionary economic geography.The first nature which determines the spatial lock of Chinese agriculture-the Line of Qinling Mountain-Huaihe River and the Great Wall plays a leading role in the first industrial revolution(Agricultural Revolution).When times transferred from the agricultural society to industrial society,the second nature composed of transportation and infrastructure increasingly contributed to the regional economic development. The original spatial lock was broken.The central cities locked the basic spatial structure.Center- Hinterland structure can be found in the region.The third nature promotes regional structural variation.The structure of Hub-Network is created.The path dependence of three natures can be observed significantly,which means the second nature is initially driven by the first nature,and the third nature is initially driven by the first and second natures.In the process of regional evolution, Hu Huanyong Line,which is a famous geographical boundary in China,has not been broken.The Hu Huanyong Line has become the basic lock of regional development in China.
  • 论文
    LIU Ke-wen, CAO You-hui, XIAO Chen, WANG Cong, CHE Qian-jin
    2012, 31(12): 2139-2152. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012120002
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    National and regional policies have deeply affected the spatial distribution of Central Enterprises since 1949.This paper analyses the influence mechanism,characteristics and process of regional policy on spatial distribution of Central Enterprises since the reform and opening up,the results show that the spatial distribution of Central Enterprises is the outcome of gaming between “economic man” and “political man”.Influenced by the three models of national and regional policies of direct,indirect and cumulative cycle,the overall characteristics of spatial distribution of Central Enterprises present an unbalanced plate agglomeration,and the gathering of Central Enterprises'headquarters has extremely high capital directivity.The change process of regional policy and the evolution process of Central Enterprises'layout are identical with each other,and both underwent the evolution process of balanced-unbalanced-balanced.There is a strong positive correlation between regional economic policy intensity and the number of Central Enterprises.The inter-annual variability of policy intensity and Central Enterprises'expansion is similar,but the influence has time-lag and cyclicity.In different periods of regional policies,the changes of spatial distribution of Central Enterprises and regional policy adjustment has corresponding consistency,but the main mechanism is different,which tends to be the combined effect of three modes.
  • 论文
    MO Hui-hui, WANG Jiao-e
    2012, 31(12): 2153-2161. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012120003
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    The regional railway company is an important mode for organizing the railway transport market,and is also one of the foci in railway reform of China.Based on the network analysis methods-“function zone” in economic geography,the paper systematically analyzes the spatial organization of intercity rail freight flows from 1991to 2005with the primacy ratio,and finds that stable function zones with large hubs have already formed in China's rail freight transport linkage,including Beijing,Guangzhou and Shanghai.With the idea of “establishing reasonable transport organization and reducing transaction cost”,the paper aims to establish seven regional railway companies separately,namely(1)Northeast China Railway Company with the core in Shenyang,(2)North China Railway Company with the core in Beijing,(3)Northwest China Railway Company with the core in Lanzhou,(4)Central China Railway Company with the core in Zhengzhou,(5)East China Railway Company with the core in Shanghai,(6)Central South Railway Company with the core in Guangzhou,and(7)Southwest China Railway Company with the core in Chengdu.The seven companies can provide supports for policy making and railway reform deepening.
  • 论文
    LI Jun-feng, JIAO Hua-fu, LIANG Meng-ge
    2012, 31(12): 2162-2172. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012120004
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    The trans-river development is an important measure for riverside cities to expand the space and achieve the great-leap-forward development.Affected by many factors, trans-river development of a city is a relatively complex process and a field deserving great concern and study.Based on the analysis of domestic and international trans-river development cities,this paper explores the general pattern and process of the urban trans-river development, and analyzes the influencing factors and driving mechanisms for the urban trans-river development from the perspective of the subject organization ways.Results are obtained as follows:(1)The trans-river development of riverside cities have four patterns: independent leap pattern,combination leap pattern,mergers leap pattern and joint leap pattern.The independent leap pattern and the mergers leap pattern are the two common trans-river development patterns in China.(2)The trans-river development of riverside cities generally experiences four stages:embryonic stage,growth stage,accelerating development stage and stable development stage.The trans-river development of cities in a small river basin is a gradual process which results from urban self-organization,while the trans-river development in a big river basin is the result of heter-organization,mainly concentrating on the accelerating development period.(3)The trans-river development of riverside cities is influenced by many factors,such as natural conditions,economy,society, politics,science and technology.(4)The trans-river development of a city is driven by many forces such as demand force,guarantee force,guiding force and impetus.At present, system innovation,spatial integration,establishment of industrial parks and traffic guidance are the primary guiding and driving forces.This paper also provides theoretical basis for the cities of trans-river development.
  • 论文
    WU Wen-heng, XU Ze-wei, YANG Xin-jun
    2012, 31(12): 2173-2184. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012120005
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    Effective urban function partition is the guarantee of the development of a healthy and orderly urban system.Based on the panel and serial statistical data,urban functional zoning and the spatial differentiation in Xi'an have been researched by hierarchical cluster analysis method.Nine districts of Xi'an are divided into six functional zones consisting of the core zone,Yanta,Weiyang,Chang'an,Baqiao and Yanliang-Lintong.Their main development directions are as follows.The core zone which functions as the central business district is characterized by its developed commercial circulation.Yanta District with Xi'an High-tech Industrial Development Zone and Xi'an Qujiang National Culture Industry Demonstration Zone are characterized by their technological economy and cultural industry. Weiyang District is characterized by Xi'an Economic and Technological Development Zone and its industrial economy.Chang'an District is featured by its industry of science, technology and education,which is strengthened by Guodu Industrial Development Zone of Education,Science and Technology and Xi'an National Civil Aerospace Industry Base. Baqiao District is characterized by its development of ecotourism and ecological agriculture area.Xi'an Yanliang National Aviation High-tech Industrial Base and ecological agriculture in Yanliang-Lintong area promote the transition of this area's traditional agriculture.In addition,this paper discusses the driving factors of urban functional zoning and their spatial development differentiation,and explains the comprehensive functions of the primary factors such as urbanization and economic development,historical basis and path dependence, scale economy and accumulative effect,localization and differentiation,and the new factors such as the construction of new economy and development zones,macroeconomic regulation and policy orientation and so on.The primary factors,as auxiliary function, can affect and propel the process to a certain degree,while the new factors,as main function, can transform and promote the advancement to a large extent.Above all,this research helps to get a better understanding of the city development,organize urban activities rationally and further provide some practical references for other cities.
  • 论文
    MA Gui-shun, LONG Jiang-zhi, LI Heng-yun
    2012, 31(12): 2185-2196. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012120006
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    Based on 200 questionnaires to senior tourists from July to September by way of travelling with group,and 178of them gathered were valid,this paper conducted a more systematic research of different segmentation seniors'tourism destination choice behavior. The results are shown as follows.
    (1)Generally,tourism destination's security,resources and environment,transportation accessibility are the most important factors that affect the seniors'tourism destination choice,while other factors have limited influences.
    (2)Based on three factors of the tourist personality,we use cluster analysis to divide the whole senior tourist market into three clusters,namely the mass-type senior tourists, experience-type senior tourists and quality-type senior tourists.The segmentation of masstype senior tourists has the lowest tourism motivation and interests,dislikes the adventurous and exciting tourism activities,and has lower request on food and accommodation during the travel.The segmentation of experience-type senior tourists,which has the strongest tourism motivation,is interested in most tourism landscapes including the exciting and adventurous activities.The segmentation of quality-type senior tourists,which has the highest request on the food and accommodation during the travel,is also interested in most tourism landscapes and activities.
    (3)The three senior tourist segmentations have significant differences in the tourist destination choice influencing factors.In terms of “destination security and accessibility”, which are the fundamental factors for the destination choice,quality-type senior tourists put more emphasis on them than the mass-type ones;in terms of “attitude and friendliness of the locals,destination's medical situation,destination's environment,climate and weather”,the mass-type senior tourists put less consideration than the others;in terms of “destination's culture and customs”,experience-type senior tourists put more consideration than the other two types;as for “the total cost of travel”,the mass-type senior tourists put less consideration than the experience-type,while there are no differences among the three types of senior tourists for the influencing factors of “tourism destination landscape and culture heritage”.
  • 论文
    LIU Bo, ZHU Hong, YUAN Zhen-jie
    2012, 31(12): 2197-2208. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012120007
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    Festival is one of the most important perspectives from which geographers examine place identity.The Winter Jasmine Flower Market in Guangzhou is closely linked to the Cantonese Chun folk custom of “line of Flower Street”.As a local festival,the Winter Jasmine Flower Market has its unique function in constructing local place identity,Especially in a background of Guangzhou creating a national urban centre and the world cultural city,the flower market has been regarded as an important form of the Cantonese unique culture.From the perspective of new cultural geography,this paper adopts methods including questionnaire survey,participant observation and interview to explore the role of the flower market in shaping the local place identity.This paper used SPSS17.0 to analyze quantitative data from 185 valid questionnaires and explained the results with 15copies of interview records and online comments.The results are as follows.(1)The place identity includes cognitive,affective and behavioral dimensions and the flower market has positive influence on the construction of place identity for the three dimensions.Especially,the fact that the government supported the public opinion helped strengthen the construction of local identity.(2)There are significant differences among the Guangzhou locals,emigrants with their parents and the new emigrants.The newcomers need time to become “locals”. All these findings will help improve place identity of all different groups in Guangzhou and create a harmonious society.
  • 论文
    ZHENG Heng-mi
    2012, 31(12): 2209-2219. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012120008
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    This paper examines the influence of historical and cultural factors on place identity. Material from the Guangde Lakeland in Ningbo shows that history and culture play an important role in place identity.The trace of the development of Guangde Lakeland proves that the place identity in traditional China society has some unique characteristics.
    At the beginning of the 20th century,Guangde Lake became land,but the concept of the lake was still kept in the local people's mind.From the spatial distribution of sacrifice in Guangde Lakeland,its natural space and administrative district can be traced.Although space evolution is evident in Guangde Lakeland,sacrifice activities preserve its place identity.
    The characteristics of sacrifice space of Guangde Lakeland show that the structure of place identity is composed of three factors,namely sacrifice space,folk God and collective memory.Folk God is the symbol of lake and irrigation work,while local collective memory promoted the development of the lake.Therefore,from the perspective of folk religion, it can be generalized that the structure of place identity is composed of three factors: space,symbol and collective memory.Space offers the container for place identity;collective memory gives the uniqueness and characters to place identities;symbol is the proof and enrichment of collective memory that bring people together.Although the three factors belong to different theory systems,they coexist and influence each other,reflecting the different facets of place identity.
  • 论文
    SUN Wei, Wurihan
    2012, 31(12): 2220-2228. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012120009
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    The land use/cover change and energy consumption caused by human activities not only have affected the carbon emission process,but also is a hot topic in the regional sustainable development.Based on the research of carbon emission evaluation methods, this paper applied the two methods-one was material balance algorithm which was aimed to calculate carbon emissions caused by human respiratory and fossil energy consumption, and the other was vegetation biomass method to calculate carbon fixation of the regional terrestrial ecosystem-to comprehensively estimate regional carbon balance.Upon the above analysis,the paper studied the balance of carbon budget in the Yangtze River Delta and the spatial differentiation of the balance ability in this region.Since 1995,the carbon budget of core areas in the Yangtze River Delta has become increasingly unbalanced with the increase of human intervention and decline of land vegetation.Those processes emerged in the region along the Shanghai-Nanjing line and other core cities,indicating that the terrestrial ecosystem cannot keep a balance by depending on itself.Moreover,policy suggestions to improve the balance of carbon budget were provided from the perspective of industrial transformation,land use patterns,spatial governance,etc.
  • 论文
    ZHANG Jin-ping, QIN Yao-chen, ZHANG Li-jun, LU Chao-jun
    2012, 31(12): 2229-2239. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012120010
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    It is important for the accounting,structural evolution and regional differences analysis of the municipal-scale carbon emissions for rational utilization of geographical potential in regions to inhibit the rapid growth of carbon emissions in the short term by technological learning and knowledge flows.In this study,CO2 emissions from fossil fuel and cement industrial processes have been accounted in the region along the Lower Yellow River based on the municipal administrative units from 2000to 2009,along with the accounting in the two sub-region and 21cities.Study shows that,firstly,the total CO2 emissions at different spatial scales shows a typical'S-type'growth pattern,but there are significant spatial and temporal differences in the emission structures.Generally,emissions from the cement industrial processes have a rapid growth for the rapid industrialization in some cities. Optimization of industrial structure in a few cities has promoted a decline in the proportion of emissions from the cement industrial production.Secondly,the change of CO2 intensity and CO2 emissions per capita is in line with the theory of the carbon EKC.However, the degree and characteristics of spatio-temporal differentiation of the two indicators are not consistent.The weighted coefficient of variation,Gini coefficient,Moran's I and Theil index reveal that the region's total variance of CO2 intensity are reasonable,while there is a larger variation for CO2 emissions per capita,which will create conditions for accelerating the trickle-down effect.Thirdly,the decomposition of Theil T and L index indicates that difference in cities of the two sub-region is the dominant factors for changes of the region's total variance of the two indicators during the study period.At the same time, the unbalanced development of the Zhongyuan region is much stronger and the main contribution for changes of the region's total variance of the two indicators.
  • 论文
    ZIBIBULA Simayi, ZHOU Xuan-de, REYIHANGULI Wayiti
    2012, 31(12): 2240-2249. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012120011
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    The Southern Xinjiang Railway runs through and connects the main cities of the southern Xinjiang.It not only provides facilities for the regional economic development, but also is conducive to the planning and construction of the urban system.This paper makes an analysis of development quality along the railway based on four sub-systems of economy, society,resources and environment.It aims to establish a monitoring and early warning system for the sound and rapid development of southern Xinjiang.In the data processing, we use the entropy to determine the weight of each index,and then employ the Box-Jenkins method to build time series with the aid of Eviews software.It is found that the quality of the overall development in this region showed an upward trend,with Korla City having the fastest speed in the present and forecast years,followed by cities of Kashgar and Atux,while Turpan and Aksu cities are in a stage of relatively stable development.
  • 论文
    MA Chuang, YANG Jun, LEI Mei, CHEN Tong-bin, XIE Yun-feng, LI Xiao-yan, SONG Bo, LIU Hong-lu, WU Wen-yong
    2012, 31(12): 2250-2258. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012120012
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    It is difficult to assess the risk of heavy metals pollution in groundwater resulting from soil pollution caused by reclaimed water irrigation.The primary reason is the shortage of area with long-term reclaimed water irrigation.The heavy metals concentrations in reclaimed water were generally low and thus they can hardly be accumulated in topsoil with a short history of reclaimed water irrigation.This study investigated the distribution of heavy metals in the soil profile sampled from several irrigation areas with a long history of reclaimed water irrigation,aiming to assess the risk of heavy metals pollution in groundwater caused by reclaimed water irrigation. The result showed that heavy metals were accumulated mainly in topsoil(0-20cm).With an increase in soil depth(0-180cm),the concentrations of Cr,Cu and Zn in the reclaimed water irrigated soil first decreased and then increased,and then decreased again.The concentrations of other heavy metals first increased and then decreased with the increase in soil depth(0-180 cm).A distinct layer in the soil profile with high heavy metals concentrations were found not only in the polluted areas irrigated with wastewater but also in the areas irrigated with clean groundwater. This pattern was similar to the distribution of soil genetic horizon,implying that it is not the result of migration of heavy metals from topsoil.According to these results,the downward movement of heavy metals was not evident,indicating that the early wastewater irrigation did not result in heavy metals pollution in groundwater.The total input of heavy metals from reclaimed water irrigation was lower than the input by atmospheric deposition and organic fertilizer application, which demonstrates that the pollution risk of heavy metals in groundwater is low in the process of reclaimed water irrigation.
  • 论文
    WEI Jie, HE Xiu-bin
    2012, 31(12): 2259-2269. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012120013
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    Riverine sediment load is a reflection of basin erosion influenced by both natural and anthropologic factors.Based on the conception of decoupling theory and method of difference equation,the present paper develops a simple proxy indicator representing anthropologic impacts on the soil erosion and sediment yield.Calculations of the index for the Jinsha,Wujiang,Jialing and Minjiang rivers demonstrate positive erosion controlling effects,ranging from 72% to 97%.In the light of the stepwise sediment load changes,the paper divides 1955-2009 into five stages according to the turning points on the accumulative curve of anomaly of the index and analyses anthropologic features and their potential impacts on erosion and sediment yield.Sediment increments before the mid-1980sare due to the First Five-year Plan,the Great Leap Forward,the Great-three-line Construction and instable situation during the first several years of rural reforms.But the sediment decreases are linked to the traditional soil conservation measures,sound socio-economic development as well as construction of soil conservation projects and mushrooming of reservoirs.
  • 论文
    JIANG Zhi-jie, ZHANG Jie, WANG Hui-lin, ZHOU Wei
    2012, 31(12): 2270-2282. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012120014
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    Although the terrain cognition plays an important role in the research of interactive relationship between human and environment,few studies have explored the issue. This study chose the Pukou Campus,Nanjing University as a study area and interviewed 644freshmen by employing non-possibility sampling and stratified proportional sampling and implementing survey and in-depth interview methods based on the experimental design.Then the data were analyzed by using qualitative and quantitative data processing methods.Finally,some conclusions can be drawn as follows.1)There are relatively high agreements among subjects'relative elevation cognition of the terrain and recognition of the terrain feature points;while there are some trends among the spatial distribution of the rate of cognitive bias of relative elevation.2)There are topologic,spatial,cognitive and behavioral characteristics of objects of allocentric reference selected by the subjects.3) The relative elevation cognition of terrain and recognition of terrain feature points in a small environment are influenced by geographical environmental,cognitive,behavioral, and emotional factors,of which individual daily geographical environment is dominant.
  • 论文
    FAN Ze-meng, YUE Tian-xiang, CHEN Chuan-fa, SUN Xiao-Fang
    2012, 31(12): 2283-2291. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012120015
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    Because of most GCM simulated data with a coarse resolution (about 200-500 km),it is difficult to use these data to assess impacts of precipitation change on various ecosystems on regional and local scales,although the data can be used to effectively predict the future precipitation change on a global scale.To address the above issue,the downscaling models of precipitation are developed with the spatial statistical method in this paper, combined with series data of DEM,latitude and longitude,slope and aspect index. For validating the downscaling models,the annual precipitation is simulated under the three scenarios of HadCM3A1Fi,A2aand B2aduring the periods T1(from 1961to1990), T2(from 2010to 2039),T3(from 2040to 2069),and T4(from 2070to 2099).In the simulation process,the data resolution is downscaled from 3.75°×0.125°to 1km×1km by High Accuracy Modeling(HASM).Simulation results show that annual precipitation would continue to increase in the future 100years under the three scenarios of HadCM3 the A1Fi,A2a and B2a.During the periods from T1to T4,the rising rates of annual precipitation is the greatest under scenario A1Fi,the average levels under scenario A2a,and the lowest under scenario B2a,which might increase per decade by 14.48mm,10.92mm, and 7.21 mm,respectively.Furthermore,annual precipitation would have a changing trend of accelerated increase under scenarios A1Fi and A2a,but the increasing trend would be slowing under scenario B2ain the next 100years.The results show,which the precipitation data with a coarse resolution of IPCC GCM can be effectively downscaled to a highresolution precipitation data that could be used to assess the ecosystems and their services on the regional and local scales.
  • 论文
    MENG Wan-zhong, LIU Xiao-feng, WANG Shang-yi, ZHAO Jing-bo, NIU Jun-jie
    2012, 31(12): 2292-2300. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012120016
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    Frost and snow disasters have wide and harmful influence on Shanxi.Based on collecting,reorganizing and analyzing the history and modern meteorological data obtained in Shanxi from 1901 to 2000,this paper studies the grade series,stage changes,different grades of periodicity and reasons for the frost and snow disasters.It aims to explore the occurrences of the frost and snow disasters in Shanxi,and provide a scientific basis for the regional prediction and mitigation of such disasters.The gradation may be identified as mild,moderate and severe disasters,and their occurrence probabilities accounted for 15.7%,62.1% and 22.2%separately in 100years.The disasters can be divided into four stages in this study.The first stage is 1901~1948,the second 1949~1964,the third 1965 ~1974and the fourth 1975~2000.The occurrences in the first and third stages were mainly mild and moderate disasters,while the second and fourth witnessed moderate and severe disasters.Wavelets analysis shows that there were mainly three periods of 2-3a, 5-8a and 25-35a.They can be divided into four types.There were four cold climate events and three extreme cold disaster years in nearly 100 years.
  • 论文
    ZHANG Can-qiang, ZHANG Biao, LI Wen-hua, XIE Gao-di, XIAO Yu
    2012, 31(12): 2301-2309. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012120017
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    Urban green spaces can play an important role in disaster prevention and reduction, which has aroused more attention.This paper selected the green lands with function of disaster prevention and reduction in six districts of Beijing city as case studies.The service radius of different types of green spaces was calculated on the basis of corresponding relationship between disaster prevention systems and different types of urban green spaces.And the radiation range of green spaces in different districts,streets and towns were analyzed with the aid of ArcGIS buffer tool.The results showed that the effective service area accounted for 71.22% of the total area,and there was a blind area of 39377.3hm2,mainly distributed outside the Fifth Ring Road.The coverage rate of service areas was ranked in a descending order of Xicheng District,Dongcheng District,Chaoyang District,Shijingshan District,Haidian District and Fengtai District.The coverage percentage was above 90% in 111out of 130 blocks and towns,whereas the ratio was below 80% in 24.08% of the area.Wangzuo town in Fengtai District and Sujiatuo town in Haidian District had lower coverage rates of service areas,being 44.6% and 46.6%,respectively. The coverage of green space and buffer zones from the city center to the periphery showed a decreasing trend.
  • 论文
    ZHAO Wen-liang, HE Zhen, HE Jun-ping, ZHU Lian-qi
    2012, 31(12): 2310-2320. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012120018
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    Grain production estimates has an important significance in national macro-control of food production.In this paper,winter wheat yield estimation models were devised based on regional NDVI and planting area of winter wheat in Henan province.The annual variation of NDVI and wheat planting status were investigated based on MODIS-NDVI data in March,April and May from 2000 to 2010 and winter wheat yield data in this province, and estimation models was established based on the above-mentioned data.The results showed that wheat production had a significant growth from 2000 to 2010 in the study region when wheat planting area kept stable.Through the statistical calculation and error comparison in models,it is showed that average relative errors were 12.02%,10.70% and 9.27% respectively based on linear models built with NDVI of March,April,May and winter wheat production.Average relative errors were 11.13%,10.38%,8.37% and 9. 41% respectively based on linear models built with NDVI accumulation and yield of winter wheat.Average relative errors were 11.00%,9.32%,9.04% and 9.58% respectively based on multiple linear prediction models built with NDVI of March,April,May and winter wheat production.When we took the planting area of winter wheat as an independent variable,the overall prediction accuracy of winter wheat production were 5.65%,5. 34%,6.76% and 5.47% respectively.Through comparing,the yield of winter wheat can be quickly and efficiently estimated with regional NDVI,but the accuracy and stability needs to be further improved.It is very difficult to predict winter wheat production accurately due to many influencing factors,but the accuracy can be gradually improved with various methods.