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  • 2013 Volume 32 Issue 8
    Published: 10 August 2013
      
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  • The tradeoffs and synergies of ecosystem services：Research progress, development trend, and themes of geography
    LI Shuangcheng, ZHANG Caiyu, LIU Jinlong, ZHU Wenbo, MA Cheng, WANG Jue
    2013, 32(8): 1379-1390.
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    Due to the diversity of ecosystem services, the heterogeneity of the spatial distribution and the selectivity of human use, the mutual relationships between ecosystem services show the dynamic variation under the influence of human activities and natural factors, which are characterized by different patterns such as reciprocal tradeoffs and mutual gain synergies. Understanding types, formation mechanism, scale dependence and regional differences of tradeoffs and synergies among the ecosystem services has great significance on formulating "win-win" policies and the implementation of measures for regional development and ecological protection. Therefore, the domestic and international research progress and limitation in interactions and nonlinear relationships, types, formation mechanism, scale effects, methods and tools, and uncertainty of ecosystem services were systematically reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, the research trend was identified, and the research issues on the tradeoffs and synergies of ecosystem services were put forward from a geographic perspective including spatial-temporal heterogeneity, formation mechanism, scale-dependence and regional differences. This paper will help to expand the research depth and breadth on tradeoffs and synergies of ecosystem services, and promote the level of geography comprehensive study.
  • Application of linear sampling and fractal theory in landscape heterogeneity
    WU Pengfei, ZHOU Demin, GONG Huili
    2013, 32(8): 1391-1401.
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    Landscape heterogeneity plays a decisive role in landscape structure, function, and dynamics. It is one of universal characteristics of the natural world, and is in a core position in landscape ecology studies. So it plays a crucial role in understanding landscape dynamics, as well as complex process of ecology and its interactive mechanism. The common measuring methods for landscape heterogeneity include landscape index, geostatistical analysis, fractal theory, and linear sampling. Although there are many ways to quantitatively express landscape heterogeneity, the focuses of these methods are different, and these methods are poor universality. In general, the current studies mainly focus on understanding the expression of quantitative relationship between landscape types, as well as general statistical characteristics description of landscape structure difference. However, this paper thinks that landscape heterogeneity studies should focus on excavation of landscape types' spatial combination law, namely spatial sequence feature of landscape types. In this paper, the method of combining linear sampling and fractal theory is applied to express landscape spatial heterogeneity. Compared with traditional methods, this method can be used to express landscape types' spatial combination law in spatial sequence, and this combination law can be used as an index to measure the level of landscape spatial heterogeneity. The more complex the spatial combination rule of landscape types in spatial sequence is, the higher landscape spatial heterogeneity is. The Guishui river basin is taken as a test area and a Landsat TM image taken in August, 2009 is used as basic data to verify the applicability of this method. A landscape distribution map of the study area is gained by interpreting the TM image through visual interpretation and decision-tree classification method. Linear sampling method is used to extract surface landscape pattern information, and fractal theory is applied to calculate fractal dimension of landscape types' spatial sequence with linear sampling. In order to test this method's capacity to express discrepancy of landscape heterogeneity among different regions, the study area is divided into three sub-areas according to the differences of natural environmental characteristics. The results show that this method can effectively express the discrepancy of landscape spatial heterogeneity within the study area.
  • Coordinated development of economy and environment in Anhui Province based on small sample data
    SONG Malin, XU Long, WANG Shuhong, ZHANG Linling
    2013, 32(8): 1402-1410.
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    Economy and environment, as a nonlinear complicated system, are interactive to each other. By introducing the principal component analysis (PCA) and the calculation model for measuring coordination degree between environmental and economic systems, we firstly conducted a quantitative analysis of economic and environmental situations in Anhui province during the period 2000-2010. After obtaining the coordination degrees, we deducted and predicted the small sample data based on IOWA operator methodology. Finally, according to the results, we made some suggestions on how to realize harmonious development of economy and environment in Anhui Province during the '12th Five-year Plan Period' (2011-2015), for example, when formulating appropriate public policies, local governments should place more emphasis on the factors which have great effects on the regional economy-environment system, and at the same time avoid vicious competition for foreign investments. Otherwise, coordination development of the economy-environment system can not be realized.
  • Geochemical characteristics of major elements and its paleoenvironmental significance of Holocene loess profile in southern Shanxi, China
    LI Tuoyu, MO Duowen, ZHU Gaoru, WANG Haibin, ZHANG Yifei, GUO Yuanyuan
    2013, 32(8): 1411-1420.
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    Based on the analysis of major elements, magnetic susceptibility, grain size and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of samples from the Zhongliangtiechang (ZLTC) profile in southern Shanxi Province, China, using comprehensive approaches such as Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), loss and accumulation of major elements relative to UCC, A-CN-K diagram, the geochemical characteristics and its paleoenvironmental significance are discussed. The results show that the chemical compounds consist mainly of SiO2, Al2O3, CaO and TFe2O3. The curves of Al2O3, TFe2O3 and K2O have the same trend, and the three elements come out top in paleosol layer when the climate is warm-wet. Ca enriches while Na and K decrease in ZLTC profile relative to UCC, which possibly represents the characteristics of loess in the source region. The climate is the main factor which influences the feldspar weathering process, and the feldspar weathering is mostly showing up to plagioclase feldspar weathering. The profile is in low weathering intensity as a whole, which lies between profiles in Fufeng of Shanxi and Pengyang of Ningxia; the sequence is in accordance with recent climate conditions in the three regions. The paleosol layer is in medium weathering intensity, in which Ca and Na leached greatly; while the loess layer is in low weathering intensity. Geochemical characteristics of major elements indicate that the climate "cool-dry (9.6-10.5 ka BP)-> warm-wet (4.9-9.5 ka BP)-> warm-dry (2.5-4.9 ka BP)-> cool-dry (since 2.5 ka BP)". During 1.2-2.5 ka BP, the content of particles with grain size above 100 μm is the highest, the deposition rate is high, and Ca leaches relatively, which represents the sheet erosion is strong at that time.
  • Prediction model of wet damages to winter wheat in spring based on sea surface temperature
    WU Hongyan, GAO Ping, LIU Mei
    2013, 32(8): 1421-1429.
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    To further develop the prediction work of the winter wheat wet damages in spring, a field correlation analysis was made on the relationships between the SST and the wet damage index in high, middle, and low risk areas with the winter wheat yield data and ordinary meteorological observations from 60 stations in Jiangsu province during 1969-2008. The results showed that the wet damage indices of winter wheat in the three areas were highly correlated with the SST in Nino area and northwest area of Pacific and the correlation degree changed with time. Then the regions of the sea with strong signals related to the wet damage index were selected as prediction factors and the optimization correlation technique was used to enhance the correlation between these factors. By testing the stability and independence, the wet damage indices prediction models of winter wheat in the three areas were established and all models have passed the statistical significant testing with 0.01 level. The perfect simulation results showed the models had application value.
  • Glacier variation in the Altun Mountains from 1973 to 2010
    ZHU Heyong, YANG Taibao, TIAN Hongzhen
    2013, 32(8): 1430-1438.
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    Based on the 1973 Landsat MSS, 1999 Landsat ETM+ and 2010 Landsat remote sensing image data, the glacier information of three periods in the study area was extracted by using the remote sensing image processing and GIS. Meanwhile, the meteorological data were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that: (1) During 1973-2010, the total glacier area in the study area decreased from 347.99 km2 to 293.77 km2; the overall loss was 54.22 km2, or 15.58% of the whole glacier area in 1973; the annual retreat rate was 0.42%·a-1. The shrinkage rate of glaciers was accelerated during 1999-2010, and the annual retreat rate was 0.58%·a-1. (2) The retreat rate of eastern Altun glaciers was higher than that of central and western Altun Mountains. In recent 37 years, the glacier area decreased by 19.10%, 14.66% and 15.17% in eastern, central and western Altun, respectively. (3) Small glaciers receded faster than large glaciers. (4) The glaciers facing east had the highest retreat rate, followed by those facing north, while the retreat rate of the glacier facing southeast was the lowest. (5) In recent 37 years, warming trend in the study area was obvious, while precipitation changed little. Temperature increase was the main reason for the glacier retreat in this region. (6) The characteristics of spatial structure for the glaciers were analyzed based on the fractal theory. It is shown that the glaciers with an area of less than 0.1 km2 had the most unstable spatial structure, and they were most prone to ablation, while the glaciers with an area ranging from 0.1 km2 to 0.5 km2 had the strongest sensitivity to climate change, and the glaciers with a range of 1.0-5.0 km2 will continue to be predominant in the glacier area change in the future. The research predicts that the ablation rate of glaciers in the study area will remain high due to global warming.
  • Spatial relations between Beibei and Chongqing urban area based on the data of traffic and residents trip surveys
    ZONG Huiming, YI Zheng, QIAN Zihua, DONG Ensheng
    2013, 32(8): 1439-1447.
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    Rapid industrialization and urbanization reshapes the urban systems and the urban structures. The spatial relations could be divided into two types: network relations and territorial relations. Network relations refer to the long distance relations at a higher level, such as global, regional or national level; territorial network refers to relations of proximity, which generally occurs at regional or sub-regional level. The former one had been discussed fully by researchers. Some studies had been widely used in urban and regional planning practice. However, fewer studies had referred to the topic of territorial network. This paper aimed to explore the territorial relations between Beibei and Chongqing urban area which is in the process of rapid industrialization and urbanization. Firstly, this paper examined the whole process of the two areas' development. Based on the data of traffic and residents trip surveys, we argued that the relations between Beibei and Chongqing urban area were different from that of the classic satellite town theory in urban geography. Beibei had been an important functional area of Chongqing urban area, and attracted lots of jobs and industry. The research showed that links between two areas shrink as the distance decay. And this characteristic had some relations with local economy, social relationships. At last, we conducted an explaining theory framework, which included economic, social, political and transportation factors, and concluded that the political factors played most important roles in this process, such as urban planning, and transportation investment.
  • Spatial pattern evolution of port logistics enterprises in Shanghai metropolitan area
    LIANG Shuangbo, CAO Youhui, WU Wei
    2013, 32(8): 1448-1456.
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    Based on the data of port logistics enterprises in Shanghai, and by means of GIS spatial analysis and mathematical statistics, etc., this paper has discussed the spatial pattern and evolution rules of port logistics enterprises, and analyzed their key influencing factors. The research shows that, since the mid-1990s, the spatial pattern of port logistics enterprises in Shanghai has been generally featured by agglomeration and suburbanization, and central urban area remains the main area for gathering of port logistics enterprises. But here, the proportion of enterprises presents a declining trend, while that of suburban enterprises keeps rising. Different types of port logistics enterprises have obvious differences in spatial distribution, and precisely, transportation and warehousing enterprises at the low end of value chain are inclined to move towards suburbs, while comprehensive service enterprises at the high end of value chain are still distributed mainly in central urban areas, but they have presented the sign of suburbanization. The spatial pattern evolution of port logistics enterprises in Shanghai is subject to the comprehensive influences of the factors like port function evolution, comprehensive traffic network construction, commercial support conditions, urban planning and development policy, etc.
  • Matching analysis of the job and residence space of residents in the public rental housing community in Chongqing
    LI Xiaoguang, QIU Daochi, LI Feng, ZHEN Zhen
    2013, 32(8): 1457-1466.
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    The space organization between living and employment is an important element of the urban spatial structure. Since it was proposed in the 1960s, much empirical research has been conducted on the vulnerable groups between residential and employment space and opportunities. In recent years, under the background of the fast urban space reconstruction in China, the middle-low income groups' separation of workplace and residence has also aroused much attention. This paper takes the public rental housing communities in Chongqing's main urban area as an example to carry on a study on the job and living space dislocation theory. Based on the statistical analysis of 541 valid questionnaires, it is shown that: (1) The average of commuting distance and time of pubic rental housing residents increases from 6.5 km and 32 min to 15 km and 52 min, respectively after the relocation; (2) Logit regression analysis shows that the population types affect the differences of public rental housing residents' commuting time most significantly, and age demonstrates a negative correlation with residents' commuting time, moreover, gender and age influence commuting time remarkably; (3) The policy factors of public rental housing supply bring about the passive migration type spatial mismatching, which is triggered by the mismatching between residents' location selections and the major employment places. Therefore, it is necessary to make a further study of reasonable space layout programs and implementing ways of public rental housing, and to plan the location of public rental housing in the inner city as soon as possible.
  • Research on the deprivation-type reconstruction of inner-city registered poverty space based on resettlement data of Nanjing
    SONG Weixuan, CHEN Peiyang, XU Di
    2013, 32(8): 1467-1476.
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    Based on the resettlement data from 10843 poverty-stricken families during 2001-2011 in inner-city areas of Nanjing, this paper examined the pattern and reconstruction of inner-city registered poverty space. By means of spatial autocorrelation and spatial clustering, etc., this paper analyzed the distribution pattern of poverty-stricken families in 22 sub-districts in inner-city areas before urban relocation, and found that: (1) the social economic attribute of sample poverty-stricken groups on sub-district scale is relatively homogeneous, and the spatial autocorrelation of major poverty attribute factors is not strong; (2) the pattern of inner-city registered poverty space has good historical continuity, presents dispersed layout and follows natural progressive spatial evolution mode; (3) resettlement has resulted in the reconstruction of inner-city poverty spaces from centre to margin, and from dispersion to centralization, and such marginization of poverty spaces is strongly irreversible; and (4) the material living conditions of poverty-stricken families are improved after relocation and resettlement at the cost that they have to get away from urban high-quality public resources, such as business district, key preliminary and middle schools, top three hospitals, and metro stations, etc. In the deprivation-type reconstruction of inner-city poverty spaces, the loss of urban advantaged location will possibly lead to the rise in the cost of traffic, employment and living, and the reduction of opportunities for moving upwards of poverty-stricken families.
  • Temporal-spatial distribution and formation of historic and cultural villages in China
    LI Yajuan, CHEN Tian, WANG Jing, WANG Degen
    2013, 32(8): 1477-1485.
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    The ancient village possesses unique regional characteristics, integrated building structure, abundant material and intangible cultural heritage, and more importantly, they are still be used today. The rapid development of urbanization brings chances for the ancient villages and also deeply affects transformation of social economic structures of ancient villages. The thesis selects some representative old villages—historical cultural villages to analyze the balanced degree of spatial distribution of ancient villages, then discusses the influencing factors and finally puts forwards strategies to keep spatial balance of ancient villages and further lead simultaneous development of all the old villages in order to promote the progress of urban and rural integration. The study shows: (1) Chinese historic cultural villages have different characteristics in spatial distribution, spatial form, river system distribution, regional culture and transportation system. The majority of these villages are distributed along the river and are cultural centers, traffic hubs and birthplace of civilization in history; the villages form three centers, three sub-centers and four transition diffusion areas, and cultivate six cultural centers. (2) Chinese historic cultural villages mainly built in the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing dynasties, have a long history. Among the villages, the Ming Dynasty dominates the number and spatial distribution. (3) The reasons for their spatial uneven distribution include the resource endowment, limited selection criteria, economic development level and regional policy making.
  • The migration patterns of floating population across cities in eastern China
    TIAN Ming
    2013, 32(8): 1486-1496.
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    Based on a survey in six cities of eastern China and theory of migration, this article compares current situation with the patterns of Chinese migration in the past decades, and explores certain important characteristics and law of the migration process of floating population, such as migration frequency, distance, urban scale, urban development level and spatial path between origin and destination cities in each migration and in an entire migration process. Results show that floating population in eastern China migrates frequently across cities, and stays for a short period averagely after leaving their rural homes. Its movement patterns are complex in terms of migration direction and spatial trajectory, which indicates more floating population moved transprovincially to a longer distance with more times of migration, and as the same time more floating population returns to cities in hometown provinces. More and more migrants tend to move to middle-sized and low-income cities along with movements, though flows to big-sized cities, and high-income cities are still the mainstream. These findings show that floating population becomes more rational in choosing their destination cities. Cities in home provinces, and other cities in current host provinces become the transit places to destination cities, and floating population is inclined to move back and forward between several cities in a certain economic region.
  • Land use change information mining in highly urbanized area based on transfer matrix：A case study of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province
    QIAO Weifeng, SHENG Yehua, FANG Bin, WANG Yahua
    2013, 32(8): 1497-1507.
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    This paper makes a deep analysis of land use transfer matrix and transfer probability matrix. It puts forward that consecutive time periods of land use transfer matrix can be used to calculate the total time periods of the transfer matrix, also improves the calculation method of land use change and the computational model of land use dynamic degree, further proposes the concept of land use transfer disorder degree and constructs the computational model. Taking Suzhou as an example, this study conducts an empirical analysis of the above models. The results show that: from 1999 to 2008, the total change of cultivated land is the largest, followed by the other agricultural land, independent industrial and mining land. In the composition of the total change, the major change of cultivated land and independent industrial and mining land is the net change, while the major change of the other agricultural land is the swap change. In this decade, the top three of land use dynamic degree are independent industrial and mining land, agricultural land and town land, total dynamic degree is the highest in 2004 and 2002, and less from 1999 to 2001. The top two of land use transfer disorder degree are the other agricultural land and transportation land and the values of other land use types are low. This can reflect that 10 years' land use in Suzhou is in an orderly evolution process. The results show that the improvements and construction of model based on the transfer matrix can explore the information of land use evolution, and also be more conducive to the research of land use changes.
  • Prospect on information geography in the era of Internet of Things
    ZHOU Qilou, ZHANG Jie
    2013, 32(8): 1508-1516.
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    Recently, Internet of Things sets off a huge boom in the world. As the next generation of IT, Internet of Things will exert impact on production, economic and social management, and even personal life. At the same time, it will bring profound changes to geography and will become an important object of information geography. This article deeply analyses the impact of internet of things on core concepts and research methods of geography and builds the theoretical framework of information geography in the Internet of Things era. The theoretical framework includes the following four aspects: (1) Internet of Things breaks through time and space isolation between geographical space and information space, constructing new geographical space-the unity of real geographical space and virtual space, and promoting the improvement of man-land relationship; (2) Internet of Things has impact on spatial structure. Information, as a factor affecting location, will be enhanced. Functional spaces for urban transportation, residence, work, and leisure will be affected; (2) Internet of Things impacts product space and rebuilds the business model by optimizing the supply chain and changing consumer behaviors; (4) Internet of Things impacts behavior space. People's ability of environment sensing will be enhanced. Thereby people's spatial perception and spatial behavior will be affected. In addition to the above aspects, based on real-time and mass data of the physical world, research methods of information geography will also change. Empirical, time dimensional, micro-scale study will be enhanced. In the support of the theory, this article further provides systematic research content of Information Geography in the Internet of Things era.
  • Global comparative analysis on the world natural heritage values of Libo cone karst in China
    CHEN Pindong, XIONG Kangning, XIAO Shizhen
    2013, 32(8): 1517-1527.
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    The World Natural Heritage is non-renewable resource, which is unique and irreplaceable, with world-class value and significance on the world. South China Karst is a total name of world natural heritage projects, which are declared by Chinese government to World Heritage Committee by stages. The first nominated sites, Libo in Guizhou Province, Shilin in Ynnan Province and Wulong in Chongqing City, which represent cone karst, stone forest and gorge karst respectively, were listed in World Heritage List on the 31st World Heritage Convention held in New Zealand on June 27, 2007.To study the values of world natural heritage sites has great significance to the sustainable development of the sites and other similar areas. Based on the systemism theory and the world heritage evaluation criterion viii about characters of geology, geomorphology and earth history, the outstanding universal values of Libo Karst, one of the properties of the South China Karst, were revealed after a global comparative analysis with similar areas worldwide. It was found that Libo Karst developed under more special environment with more complex geological evolution process. It demonstrates more typical geomorphological characters of both single cone karst forms and complex formations. It also owns rare forest ecosystem on cone karst and records of lives. Therefore, Libo Karst is the outstanding example representing the major stage of typical cone karst evolution history in tropical and subtropical areas, and has excellent representative values of the South China Karst.To study the values of world natural heritage sites is very important to the second stage world natural heritage nominated sites of South China Karst, which are declaring now. Yuntai Mountain of Shibing County in Guizhou Province, which is well-known with typical and integrated dolomite karst, is nominated as one of the second stage nominated sites of South China Karst. To explore the unique and aesthetic value of Yuntai Mountain is so important to be listed in world heritage list, and also is necessary to conservation and sustainable utilization of the scenic spots. To measure and count the characteristics of Yuntai Mountain on topographic maps using morphometry method, and to find similar typical landforms and contrast to it, the prominent value of world natural heritage can be proved, which would be study in future.
  • The drive effect of thematic cultural tourist destination attribute on tourists’place attachment：A case study of Mystical Yancheng Chun-Qiu Dream in Changzhou
    ZHOU Wei, HUANG Zhenfang, CAO Fangdong, WU Limin, LIANG Yanyan
    2013, 32(8): 1528-1540.
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    Based on the perspective of relationship between human and place, this paper builds a structural model of drive effect of tourist destination attributes on tourists' place attachment by selecting Mystical Yancheng Chun-Qiu Dream in Changzhou as the typical example of thematic cultural tourist destination. The results show that thematic cultural tourist destination attributes of Mystical Yancheng Chun-Qiu Dream include four dimensions, i.e. leisure and entertainment attribute, spring culture attribute, landscape and relic attribute, as well as human care attribute. The perception of tourists of the four dimensions of tourist destination attributes has decreased differentiation. The drive effects of four dimensions of tourist destination attributes on tourists' place attachment have significant differences. Overall, the drive effect shows the differential law, in detail, if the value and function of tourist destination attribute are prominent, tourists' perception and experience will be dominant and the drive effect on tourists' place attachment will be significant, and vise versa. Therefore, drive effect of the tourist destination attribute on tourists' place attachment should be enhanced and optimized.
  • Text mining of the value orientation of regional culture goods selling in online shops：A case study of Yuxian Paper-cuts
    LI Renjie, FU Xueqing, ZHANG Junhai
    2013, 32(8): 1541-1554.
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    Using researches of tourist destination image based on the text from the internet, and the quantitative research of geographical name culture landscape, we adopted the method of text mining in this thesis to study the regional culture value orientation of Yuxian paper-cuts. The text data is obtained from the Taobao Website, the biggest e-commerce platform for online shops, which includes the shop information and the descriptive text of goods of Yuxian paper-cuts. Four conclusions can be drawn as follows: 1) The locations of online shops selling Yuxian paper-cuts are particularly attached to the large cities such as Zhangjiakou and Beijing, which are the regional centres of economic and cultural development adjacent to Yuxian County. 2) The phrases the sellers use to describe Yuxian paper-cuts follow the power-law distribution and exhibit a long-tail pattern. The value orientation is dominated by a few phrases, such as gift, go abroad, characteristic, China, and contains a large number of phrases in small niches. The special power-law distribution curve is called curve of "the Long Tail". 3) The high or medium frequency phrases at the Long Tail presents a leading value orientation of Yuxian paper-cuts: gifts of foreign affairs and business with the local folk customs and culture as its connotation. For the Zhangjiakou-based online shops, sellers use more phrases focused on packaging and decorative description, but for the online shops based in Beijing, sellers lay particular stress on handicraft technology and cultural connotation characterization of Chinese local folk customs. 4) The large number of phrases at the tail of the curve are not only the concrete expressions of the regional culture connotation of paper-cuts goods, but also the further proof of the leading value orientation and above all, they are the result of adapting to the development of personalized marketing mode for e-commerce on internet. And the text mining of regional culture value orientation based on internet data source will provide a new research perceptive and method for economic geography and cultural geography.
  • The impact of Wuhan-Guangzhou HSR on regional tourism spatial pattern in Hubei Province
    WANG Degen
    2013, 32(8): 1555-1564.
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    This article analyzes the impact of Wuhan-Guangzhou HSR on regional tourism spatial pattern in Hubei province in three aspects: firstly, using urban primacy index and rank-size rule we analyze the impact mentioned above; then we compare the structural differences of tourist flow network between before and after the operation of HSR in Hubei by using SNA method, which is a further validation for this impact; finally, we study the impact of HSR on spatial differences in regional tourism development by Theil coefficient and Differentiation index. The results show that: (1) Wuhan-Guangzhou HSR has strengthened the primacy distribution trend in Hubei, and plays a "catalyst" role in the formation of centralization of tourist spatial structure in this province. (2) The impact of Wuhan-Guangzhou HSR on the evolution of regional tourism spatial pattern in Hubei shows a "double-edged effect". On one hand, the HSR strengthens the role of polarization of the core region, and it exacerbates the differences of the overall regional tourism development, which shows a negative effect on the regional balance development. On the other hand, it strengthens the diffusion effect of the core region, and it exerts influence on the edge region to a certain degree. Therefore it minimizes the differences of tourism development within the edge region, and has a positive effect on the regional balance development. As the diffusion effect is less visible than the polarization effect, it will further widen the gap of tourism development level that is affected by HSR within the province.
  • Tourism consumption of Chinese rural residents：Characteristics and its influencing factors
    YU Fenglong, HUANG Zhenfang, FANG Yelin
    2013, 32(8): 1565-1576.
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    Tourism consumption of Chinese rural residents is an important way of expanding domestic demand and balancing urban and rural development, and also contributes to promote the sustainable tourism development in China. Using the national statistical data collected from 1994 to 2010, the paper analyses development stage, characteristics and its changing trend, and influencing factors of tourism consumption of rural residents. The results are shown as follows: (1) Tourism consumption of rural residents can be divided into three stages. Before 1999, tourism consumption had been greatly improved, but the level of per capita tourism consumption was low. Tourism consumption showed a significant downward trend from 1999 to 2003. After that, tourism total consumption prohibited a continuous increasing tendency, but the growth of per capita tourism consumption was retarded, tourism consumption presented scale expansion, which was mainly due to the growth of tourism consumption person times. (2) Based on the comparison between urban and rural residents' tourism consumption, average tourism propensity to consumption of rural residents presents a downward trend in general, Q values which evaluate the level of tourism consumption show that the tourism consumption of rural residents lags behind income in most years. Transportation, accommodation, dining and sightseeing consumption have been steadily declining, the changing degree of tourism consumption structure is relatively strong, consumption level is relatively low and consumption structure is irrational. (3) The paper constructs an influential mechanism model of tourism consumption of rural residents. The conclusion shows that rural residents' income, traditional consumption habit, and consumption uncertainty are the three important influencing factors. Firstly, the model shows a significant positive correlation between tourism consumption and residents' income, and tourism consumption is sensitive to residents' income. Secondly, traditional consumption habit affects the level of current tourism consumption, which reflects the characteristic of ratchet effect. Thirdly, consumption uncertainty plays a strong negative effect on tourism consumption. At last, demonstration effect of urban residents' tourism consumption is not significant, but rural tourism development has increasingly close contact with urban tourism, thus demonstration effect of urban residents' tourism consumption cannot be ignored.