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  • 2013 Volume 32 Issue 10
    Published: 10 October 2013
      

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  • Article
    REN Zhiyuan, LIU Yanxu
    2013, 32(10): 1771-1781. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201310001
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    Research on regional ecological security is of great significance in realizing regional sustainable development. However, there are rare studies which can not only synchronously guarantee temporal and spatial precisions but also involve enough evaluation indices at present. Based on the replacement of values, this study adopts a part of the ecological estimation models as examples to distinguish the ecosystem services and eco-risks. Then it analyses the feasibility and rationality for using the ratio of value to express the ecological security degree in a specific area. And the partitions are considered to be more comprehensive than directly zoning by ecological security degree. The analysis of the specific examples in the research shows that: (1) the ecosystem services value and eco-risk loss value are not consistent in the time variation. Under the background of ecological restoration in northern Shaanxi, the tendency of ecological system security degree on the graph is not presented as a straight line. The result shows that human activities and climate changes have complex interactions in the geographical - ecological process. (2) The result of evaluation is focused on the description of ecological security degree with the view of human development. So it is suitable to analyze the ecological processes which are influenced by human activities. The calculation method in this study can reduce the uncertainty produced by marking the weight on the indices, as well as provide a high temporal and spatial precision. By using a variety of year scales or other remote sensing image data of high resolution to guarantee the accuracy, and applying specific models to concrete the composite index, this research contributes to describe the specific spatial pattern and time process reflected by the index, while it still guarantees the geography or ecology meaning at the same time. However, as there is still much room for improving ecological estimation models, the uncertainty has not been eliminated. Further studies on a cross-reference evaluation on multi-scale and multi-methods are needed.
  • Article
    WU Hongbo, HE Jianqiao, GUO Zhongming, MAO Ruijuan, WU Yuwei
    2013, 32(10): 1782-1791. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201310002
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    The paper analyzes the relationship among the NDSI(Normalized Difference Snow Index)albedo,the HJ-1 satellite infrared band reflectance and snow depth in the vicinity of Ulugh Muztagh.At the same time,snow depth and reflectance spectrum are measured in different slopes and aspects on April 14 to 26,2012.In order to estimate spatial and temporal changes in snow depth,snow depth inversion model was established by their correlation among measured snow depth data,infrared band reflectance and albedo;furthermore,it accuracy is verified by the measured snow depth and spectral data.The results show the multiple correlation coefficient of albedo inversion model is 0.992,and the significance level is less than 0.05.Through setting distinguishing between mixed and pure snow coverage pixel by NDSI threshold,its estimated accuracy is up to 92.78%.The correlation coefficients between albedo of the glacier area,NDSI value and altitude data are 0.626 and 0.733, respectively,and the significance level is less than 0.01.Moreover,albedo value in high altitude zone is significantly higher than that of the low altitude zone.The snow depth value of northern aspect in non-glacier area is larger,followed by the southern and western aspects; while the snow depth in southern aspect reaches the minimum value,under influence of the westerlies snowfall.When the slope is about 10°,there is the maximum snow depth.The relative error with snow depth estimated increases as the increase of the plot slope,and when the slope is 15°,the relative error is the largest.
  • Article
    ZHOU Liang, XU Jiangang
    2013, 32(10): 1792-1801. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201310003
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    Water pollution is one of the prominent problems that affect public health and sustainable economic development.And water pollution prevention pressure of the river basin is becoming increasingly serious with the rapid development of urbanization,industrialization and agriculturalization.Taking Huaihe River Basin as the research object and based on the following internal mechanism of large-scale basin water pollution,this paper carries out the comprehensive evaluation of basin water pollution prevention capability for 35 cities in four aspects,namely,control and treatment,monitoring and warning,supervision and management, prevention and input capability of the river basin.It also explores the driving factors of water pollution prevention with the help of entropy method,GIS spatial analysis and regression model method.The results are shown as follows.(1)Spatial difference of water pollution prevention capability is prominent in the Huaihe River Basin while the pollution prevention ability is higher in the eastern plain area,lower in most parts of the western mountainous area and each of its sub-basins and generally medium to low in main streams and middle reaches to the south of the trunk river.(2)Multiple regression analysis of pollution prevention driving force indicates that the basin endogenous powers,including public education,regional economic development level,play a vital role in water pollution prevention.Exogenous motivation including supervision by public opinion and foreign investment is the key power of regional water pollution prevention.
  • Article
    WANG Hui, LUAN Weixin, KANG Minjie
    2013, 32(10): 1802-1813. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201310004
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    The Liaohe River Basin is an important economic zone in Liaoning province, which contributes 60%of industrial output value and 57%value-added of tertiary industry of Liaoning province.At the same time,its development also leads to negative environmental influence,especially,rich COD in this basin,an important indicator of national pollution control,which can cause aquatic plant hypoxia,even death. This paper focused on COD pollution of the Liaohe River Basin and estimated the COD pollution loads of agricultural production,industrial production,domestic living,and urban runoff respectively.The results showed that:(1)in 2010,the total COD pollution load of the Liaohe River Basin reached about 1,015,000 tons,of which the pollution loads from domestic living and livestock industry were the main sources of COD pollution,and reached 815,000 tons,accounting for 80%of the total pollution loads,while the pollution loads from industrial production and urban runoff contributed 112,000 and 87,000 tons respectively.(2) The COD emissions of industrial pollutants had been significantly reduced in the basin due to the pollution treatment of waste water from paper industry.Study also found that although industrial COD pollution loads accounted for a smaller proportion in the total pollution load, it was the major factor causing serious water pollution because of its emission characteristics. (3)Non-point source pollution was the main way of water environmental pollution. Furthermore,the cuts of COD emissions in the Liaohe River Basin cannot be expected in a short term because of the difficulty to control non-point source pollution.COD pollution pressures would be existing for a long time in this region.(4)The technological progress and mode innovation on the aspects of pollutant discharge would be the efficient and feasible measures to cut off the COD pollution emission in the Liaohe River Basin.
  • Article
    HU Shanfeng, WANG Jinlian, ZHOU Chenfeng, ZHANG Junxiang
    2013, 32(10): 1814-1823. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201310005
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    Due to the frequent occurrences of geological disasters in recent years,Huangshan scenic area,World Natural&Cultural Heritage and Geological Park,has seriously threatened not only the life and property safety of tourists,but also the traffic safety and living facilities or even the development of tourism industry.In order to avoid it,this paper,based on the slope prevention engineering statistical method and GIS grid network technology,makes coupled analysis on the stability and perniciousness of the monomer collapse and large-scale collapse disaster in 52 grid cells.The result shows that the whole scenic area could be divided into high-prone areas,moderate areas and low-prone areas with different collapse disaster features respectively.Based on the coupled analysis,this paper also puts forward some countermeasures for different areas,which will also be beneficial for some other scenic areas with similar threat
  • Article
    YE Zhengwei, XU Youpeng, PAN Guangbo
    2013, 32(10): 1824-1832. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201310006
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    Niño index is applied to detect the relationships between Precipitation in Flood Season(PFS)and ENSO events in the inner Lixiahe region of the lower reaches of Jianghuai basin from 1957 to 2006.Results show that a nice teleconnection effect can be detected between PFS and Niño index,which reveals that precipitation anomalies tend to be positive(negative)in the year after the warm El Niño event(cold La Nina event),and there is a significant stage change for precipitation anomalies in the late 1970s and the early 1980. Also,wavelet period analysis for the PFS and the Niño index indicates that a similar period can be found in both PFS and the Niño index in a period of 2-7 years,and the wavelet coherence analysis shows a significant phase switch around 1980 as a result of the teleconnection of the sea surface temperature anomalies.Furthermore,the atmospheric circulation configuration for the ENSO events is described.For the El Niño warm events,its specific atmospheric circulation configuration can be concluded that the east Asia meridian circulation appears to be a"+,-,+"geopotential height anomaly,and the west Pacific subtropical high position is located closer to the west and the north,southwest winds prevail in the middle and lower troposphere,and there is an obvious plum rain frontal surface in the lower Jianghuai region which is beneficial for the staying of the plum rain belt,thus the staying of the plum rain belt might result in more precipitation.However,in contrast to atmospheric circulation configuration of the El Niño warm events,the specific atmospheric circulation configuration for the La Nina cold events may be summarized that the west Pacific subtropical high position tends to shrink back to the east and the north,the east Asia meridian circulation appears to be a"-,-"geopotential height anomaly,southwest winds prevail in the lower troposphere and southeast wind in the lower and middle troposphere respectively.Therefore,there is no obvious plum rain frontal surface under this specific atmospheric circulation configuration,hence there are less positive precipitation anomalies in the lower reaches of north Jianghuai basin.
  • Article
    CAO Longxi, ZHANG Keli, KONG Yaping, LIANG Yin
    2013, 32(10): 1833-1842. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201310007
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    Highway networks spatially interact with stream networks in mountainous watersheds.The impervious highway surface may increase the runoff generation of underlying surface.Therefore,local hydrological processes and watershed stream network structure may possibly be changed.This research was therefore conducted to evaluate the degree of highway impact on watershed hydrological processes.The Qijiang watershed, located in the conjunction zone of Chongqing city and Guizhou province,was chosen as the research area.GIS hydrological analysis method was used to study how the highway network affects the structure of stream network.The results showed that highway networks were mostly distributed in the area within 1 km along both sides of stream networks.Provincial highway,national highway and expressway,which account for more than 90%of the roads lengths,were gathered in the above mentioned area.The existence of highway network led to remarkably increases in both number and total length of stream networks lower than the 3rd strahler order.Meanwhile,the main stream furcation ability was increased,which implied that highway networks may exacerbate watershed flood discharge pressure.On the other hand,the value of mean furcation ratio meant that highway networks can weaken underground dissolution and strengthened surface runoff erosion of karst watershed.Regression analysis illustrated that there was a good linear relationship between highway surface runoff generation ability and sub-watershed stream length increases.Further spatial analysis showed that the increase of stream length and density was mainly observed in areas close to watershed outlet,suggesting the potential flood risk as a result of the acceleration and enlargement of peak discharge during rainy seasons.
  • Article
    LI Qing, YIN Yong
    2013, 32(10): 1843-1855. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201310008
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    The South Yellow Sea is a semi-closed shallow epicontinental sea with an average water depth of 46 m.On offshore area,a characteristic tidal radial sand ridge system (TRSRS),radiating perpendicularly or high angle oblique to the coastline,has developed under a complex tidal current field along the west coast of South Yellow Sea between the north of Yangtze River Delta and the abandoned south of Yellow River Delta.The study area is located in the eastern part of the TRSRS,where the main sandy ridges and associated channels extend in NS direction in outward part and switch to NNE in inner part and finally converge at the apex of Jianggang on land.Core 11DT02,located on the southern slope of the Likejiao sandy ridge in the study area,suggests the long term sedimentary environment evolution since the last Pleistocene based on the sedimentary facies,grain-size,and AMS 14C and OSL datings.The results indicate that there are four types of sedimentary facies in the Core 11DT02 from bottom to top:tidal flats(lower part),terrestrial stiff mud,tidal flats (upper part)and tidal sand ridge.The tidal sand ridges and tidal flats are mainly composed of silt and fine sand,which show bed sorting.On the log-probability curves,they display 3 or 4 subpopulations,among which salutation subpopulation constitutes a high proportion.The double salutation population has been found from tidal sand ridge and tidal flat deposits. The long term evolution of the core has shown that the study area was dominated by a broad tidal flat and followed by a subaerial exposure symbolized by"stiff mud"deposit, which has indicated a sea level decline.At the beginning of the Holocene transgression,the area received the tidal flat again.The tidal sand ridge-channel system has developed after the area was drowned completely due to high stand.The Holocene increasing tidal currents, which was strongly eroded and reworked underlying strata after 7 ka BP,might result in the formation of sand ridges.
  • Article
    HE Fuhong, GAO Bingjian, WANG Huanzhi, WANG Rui, SAI Lili
    2013, 32(10): 1856-1864. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201310009
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    The gully erosion which usually shows different kinds of landforms is caused by a variety of topographic factors.In present study,we take the small watershed of Beiyanzikou in Jiaodong Peninsula as a study area.We use DOM and DEM as data source to estimate and validate gully erosion susceptibility,and study the relationship between gully erosion and topographic factors including topographical wetness index(TWI),length-slope factor(LS), stream power index(SPI),aspect,plan curvature,and surface roughness.The results show that the gully erosion frequently occurs in grassland with large slope steepness and length, strong water power index and low surface humidity,and mainly localized in the concave of the sunny slope.Furthermore,gully erosion mainly occurs in areas with the soil erosion susceptibility above moderate degree and accounts for 96.4%of total gully erosion.In these areas,the response accuracy of the value of weighs from the experimental area to the gully erosion in the validation area is 87.9%.It is close to the practical value(93.3%),which suggests the high precision of our study.The results can provide a basis to evaluating regional gully erosion.
  • Article
    LI Xiaojian
    2013, 32(10): 1865-1877. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201310010
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    This paper examines the development of economic geography and proposes a new framework for further development of this research area.Previous studies on economic geography placed too much emphasis on practice of several developed countries,geographical background of several economies,and fundamental principals of economics rather than on geography.By overcoming this weakness,this study proposes a new framework of economic geography which is specifically situated at the special geographical context of Chinese economic development.This framework attempts to stress on special relationship among population,resources and environment,on special relationship between government and society,on special cultural tradition,and on special academic philosophy.Compared with current main steam economic geography,economic development,man-land harmony, important role played by government,inter-regional relationship among regions under national territory,and close links with physical geography,become foci in this proposal.Moreover, methodologies of both scientific research and social science research are imbalanced.Six important issues under this framework are suggested in Chinese economic geography:(1) changing economic geography after fast economic growth during the past several decades,(2) geographical consequence of involving or overcoming the middle-income trap at both the national and regional levels,(3)regional development and spatial structure of economic actors(enterprises,households and non-government organizations)with strong government intervention,(4)coordinated development among agricultural modernization,urbanization, industrialization and informatization,(5)man-land harmony and regional development,and (6)evolution of spatial patterns of rural settlements during the long history and recently under rapid rural-urban migration.China is a big country with many unique factors affecting economic development,thus,economic geography in China deserves much more attention in the discipline of economic geography in the world.
  • Article
    SUN Wei, CHEN Cheng
    2013, 32(10): 1878-1889. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201310011
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    Ocean is basic environment and important resource for human survival and development.Nowadays,on the background of resources exhausting,environment deteriorating and population increasing,development of marine resources and economy has become a worldwide trend and national strategy choice.As the special transitional geographical area from ocean to land,coastal zone plays an important carrier and springboard role in the marine economic development.What's more,the coordination with the hinterland space is not only the important content in the coordinated implementation of the development strategy of land and sea,but also major initiative in improving the utilization efficiency of marine resource and the development quality of marine economy.The reasonable development and utilization of spatial resources in coastal zone is playing a more and more important role in the sustainable development of coastal cities.According to the natural, economic,and social characteristics of the area,the coastline and coastal zones can be divided into different spaces for proper coastal development and protection.Nowadays,using related division methods to get higher distribution efficiency of spatial resources has become a hot topic of geographical research.Most of the scholars construct the evaluation index system from the aspects of economic and ecological factors,and make some useful exploration and attempt on the division methods.However,there are some differences in the selection of indicators because of the natural specificity of the coastal zone and the need to attach emphasis on the overall strategy of land and ocean about the utilization of spatial resources.Taking the coastal zone in Ningbo as an example,this paper discusses the evaluation index system and division methods of spatial function regionalization about coastline and coastal zone.Based on the existing division methods,this paper focuses on technical methods of the division of evaluation unit,the selection and treatment of indicators, and so on.Specially,from the perspective of overall strategy of land and ocean,we evaluate the suitability of the coastline development including ecological suitability,production suitability and living suitability,and propose the spatial function regionalization of coastal zone.Then,we divide the coastal zone in Ningbo into ecological space,production space and living space,and propose adjustment directions and control requirements for the spatial layouts of different types of regions on the basis of the current situation of space exploitation in Ningbo.From the point of division methods,we find that the selection of indicators and data reliability has great influence on the scientific results.However,some incoming data, hydrological data and underwater terrain data are collected from data interpretation and related research reports,not the first-hand measured data.And this needs to be further supplemented in the following studies.Through this paper,we hope to provide a scientific basis for the spatial development and control of coastal zone.
  • Article
    WAN Yongkun, DONG Suocheng, WANG Fei, LI Zehong, LI Fujia, LI Jun
    2013, 32(10): 1890-1898. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201310012
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    Regional disparity has been one of the hot issues for domestic and overseas scholars.Long term expansion of regional economic disparity will lead to serious negative effects.During the transition period,various contradictions lead to slow economic development,continuously widening of regional disparity.In view of the characteristics of population distribution,we use the model of beyond logarithmic measurement and draw the conclusion that the science and technology contribution rate is low in eastern Russia.The growth of economy basically depends on the investment of labor force and material capital, and the contribution rate of labor force is far higher than that of material capital.To transform advantages and speed up economic growth,Russia should use natural resources, strengthen technological innovation and propel the development of human capital,to improve direct output elasticity and overflow elasticity of human capital and material capital.It is one of the important channels to enhance economic strength and fight for the best interest of international trade in eastern Russia and even the entire Russian Federation.
  • Article
    JI Feifei, CHEN Wen, YUAN Feng, SUN Wei
    2013, 32(10): 1899-1911. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201310013
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    Sci-tech finance is emerging with the deepening of science and technology system reform and financial development in China.And it also comes into being to serve independent innovation and construction of innovative country.Based on field investigation, this paper,taking Wuxi New District,one of the main cradles of sci-tech finance innovation in China,as an example,to conduct an empirical research on generation and development of sci-tech financial system and its spatial impacts.This research shows that a relatively complete sci-tech finance service system has been set up in Wuxi New District.There are three main factors that promote the system,policy factor,market factor and social factor.The establishment of sci-tech financial system results in industrial transformation,and then leads to many changes,such as generation of new industry space and spatial form,migration of talent and transition of society.The study enriches theory of sci-tech finance,and provides reference for practice of other areas.
  • Article
    WANG Yali, PENG Baofa, XION Jianxing, ZHANG Hui
    2013, 32(10): 1912-1922. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201310014
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    The lake basin of Dongting Lake area with water inside is different from normal plain areas in the social and economic spatial structure.Based on the county data from the Sixth National Population Census in 2010,this article carries out spatial analyses of population urbanization levels of counties in this region and draws a conclusion that population urbanization levels of Dongting Lake area presents an obvious concentric ribbon structure.Regression and correlation analyses between population urbanization levels and the other 12 indices of socioeconomic development,traffic location and resources environment show that the difference of economic structure is the direct cause for the formation of spatial pattern of urbanization,and that economic development and agricultural industrialization have a great effect on spatial pattern of urbanization of Dongting Lake area.In addition,traffic score and economic location affect urbanization levels mainly by economic restructuring and investment in fixed assets.Above all,difference of terrain structure is the natural foundation of formation of spatial structure of population urbanization of the Dongting Lake area.
  • Article
    MA Xuefeng, SUN Gennian
    2013, 32(10): 1923-1936. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201310015
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    This paper defined the concept of tourism industry growth point and reinterpreted tourism industry growth path by applying the"path dependence"theory.With the example of Zhangjiajie tourism industry growth point,it put forward a universal SGGT analysis mode and researched its spatial evolution process and dynamic mechanism.The results showed:(1) specific historical conditions and social economic environment was a foundation for the formation of Zhangjiajie tourism growth point;demand and cultivation was the key factor of tourism growth point germination;innovation and development was the guarantee of tourism growth point while the tourism growth point was promoted to be growth pole by disintegration;(2)the three tourism growth points—Zhangjiajie National Forest Park,Tianzi Mountain and Suoxiyu—became the core growth points after they realized unification of the administrative jurisdiction in Zhangjiajie scenic spot by path creation and listed as a world heritage site;(3)driven by the generating power of tourism industry growth point and world heritage site management,Tianmen Mountain becomes a new growth point with its high quality tourism resources;(4)the two growth points of Wulingyuan scenic spot and Tianmen Mountain were formed as a result of joint action by tourism industry agglomeration and path creation in Zhangjiajie.The results provide a great benefit for the local government and enterprises to understand the tourism industry growth path from the perspective of tourism industry growth point and further offer scientific guidance for the sustainable development of tourism industry in the world heritage site.
  • Article
    LI Le, LIU Jiaming, WANG Run, WU Yuming
    2013, 32(10): 1937-1947. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201310016
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    Golf tourism not only plays an important role in China's tourist resource system, but also strongly supports tourism industry to transform from sightseeing travel to leisure travel.This thesis chooses Beijing as the research region and conducts studies on spatial distribution features and influencing factors of 51 standard golf tourist attractions which have over 18 holes.The conclusions can be drawn as follows:
    (1)Under the influence of regional economic development,development of golf tourist attractions in Beijing can be divided into two phases:the slow development phase in 1985-2000,and the boom phase in 2001-2011.
    (2)The spatial distribution of golf tourist attractions in Beijing is multi-centered with spatial dot-clustered mode transforming to dispersion and forming into line-network system.
    (3)Judging from the area and spatial size of golf court,the golf tourist attractions in Beijing has developed into a system of unbalanced clustering in space.The density of golf courts in central area is relatively high but the spatial size is relatively small;while the density of golf courts in emerging peripheral areas is relatively low,and their development potential is greater and the spatial size is relatively big. On the whole,factors such as regional landforms,important water system distribution, transportation conditions,supporting services,development of relevant industries,prices of land and planning and policy making exert an influence on spatial distribution features of golf tourist resources in Beijing.This paper discusses and analyses the above three points through empirical studies.The other influencing factors will be discussed further.
  • Article
    HAN Guosheng, WU Peilin, HUANG Yuehwen, YANG Zhao
    2013, 32(10): 1948-1963. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201310017
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    In-depth interviews,text analysis of official documents,and representative case study are explored to the research on the disempowerment type and mechanism of tourism development on host residents in Tiantangzhai,an emerging isolated mountainous tourism area in Anhui Province,China.The qualitative research was conducted on the specific political and economic background of China.It is concluded that the host residents were disempowered or de-empowered on their rights to use their production and life space, indispensable community-owned natural resources,economic development information access, tourism benefits,and participation in tourism development.Disempowerment mechanisms of tourism development have been detected to some complicated interactions among host residents,governmental development strategies and institutional design,community elites` interest network,villagers'economic conditions,and social supports.The implications of our research that improvement of officials'performance assessment,consolidation of administrative supervision,timely dissemination of relevant tourism development information, and community capacity building are instrumental in operating tourism development policy smoothly and successfully.
  • Article
    TAO Xiaoli, CHEN Mingxing, ZHANG Wenzhong, BAI Yongping
    2013, 32(10): 1964-1976. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201310018
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    TThe urban park is one of the most important parts in human environment,and is also one major consideration for the construction of livable city.Based on the review and discussion of current classification criteria,urban parks can be divided into five types: cultural relics parks,amusement parks,integrated parks,community parks,ecological parks. There are 148 parks within the 6th Ring Road in Beijing,with a total area of 7293.9 ha (averaged 49.28 ha).Each type of parks has its own distribution characteristics.The urban park plays an important role in four aspects,which is tourism and leisure,ecological value, disaster prevention and reduction,and scientific education value.Types of urban parks are closely related to its functions.Although the park is a composite of diverse functions,each has different dominant functions.Cultural relics park is featured by tourism-leisure and scientific education value;amusement park is dominated by tourism-leisure;comprehensive park has various functions;community function is dominated by tourism-leisure;forest park is featured by ecological value;country park is dominated by the ecological value and tourism-leisure.Refining the classification and identifying the dominant function of urban parks can contribute to construction and management of urban parks.