可溶性化学物质在土壤中的运移和分布一般可以反映出多孔介质中溶质随着水分运(流)动的规律。文中系统地回顾了近二十年来土壤中溶质运动理论的发展和有关模型的应用概况,以期对地下水污染、海水入侵、水盐运动等溶质运移模拟的理论和应用问题进行较全面的分析;讨论了水动力学弥散、宏观弥散、层状介质中的弥散、多组分溶质运移和非饱和带中溶质运移等问题,以及描述土壤中溶质迁移的主要模型和模拟方法。

The transport and distribution of dissolved chemicals are influenced by water movement in the soil system.In order to understand the advances in underground water pollution, salt transport in salt-affected soils and salt accumulation in coast soils affected by seawaters, the studies of the past 2 decades on the theoretical development and practical applications of solute transport simulation in soil-water systems are reviewed.The theories and numerical simulations on dispersions, adsorption, uptake and transport of solutes in unsaturated and saturated soils are discussed in the presented paper.