水生态功能分区是进行流域现代水生态管理的必然要求,是面向水质目标管理控制单元划分的基础。针对太湖流域特征,提出了太湖流域水生态功能三级分区的目的和划分原则,在其指导下构建了太湖流域非太湖湖体区和太湖湖体区水生态功能三级分区指标体系;在GIS技术支撑下,分别以太湖流域非太湖湖体区1100多个和太湖湖体区3500多个水生态功能单元为基本空间统计单位,结合分区指标数据,制作了基于水生态功能单元的各项指标的空间分布图,采用二阶聚类法并结合人工辅助的方法将太湖流域划分为21个水生态功能三级区;分区水生态特征分析结果表明全流域各分区水生生物特征均具有较大的变异性,反映出流域内水生态的空间差异和不均匀性,体现了分区结果的合理性、科学性和可靠性。
Aquatic ecoregions have been used as spatial units for aquatic ecosystem management at the watershed scale.According to the protection requirements and characteristics of aquatic ecosystems in the Taihu Lake basin, the main purpose and the principles of level Ⅲ aquatic ecological function regionalization delineation in this basin were proposed.Then the indicators for delineating level Ⅲ aquatic ecological function regionalization were established based on regionalization objective and principles.The indicators for delineating level Ⅲ aquatic ecological function regionalization in the non-Taihu Lake area included benthic Shannon-Wiener diversity index, chlorophyll content, water habitat types and benthic indicator species types (including Ephemera, Bivalvia, snail, Chironomidae and Oligochaeta), and the regionalization indicators for delineating level Ⅲ aquatic ecological function regionalization in the Taihu Lake area included benthic Shannon-Wiener diversity index, chlorophyll content, water flow velocity and benthic indicator species (including Oligochaeta, Chironomidae class, Bivalvia, snail and others) ratio.With the aid of GIS technology, the spatial distribution of the indicators for level Ⅲ aquatic ecological function regionalization delineation was identified based on the raster data from 1106 aquatic ecoregion function units in the non-Taihu Lake area and 3568 aquatic ecoregion function units in the Taihu Lake area, respectively.Two-step spatial clustering analysis approach and manual-assisted method were used to delineate level Ⅲ aquatic ecological function zones.Then the Taihu Lake basin was divided into 21 level Ⅲ aquatic ecological function zones.Moreover, the characteristics of the 21 zones were summarized, showing that there were significant differences in the aspects such as topography, soil type, water quality and aquatic ecology. The results of quantitative comparison of aquatic life also indicated that the benthic dominant species, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, chlorophyll a concentration and aquatic habitat types showed great spatial variability among the 21 zones.There existed spatial heterogeneities and the uneven features of aquatic ecosystems in the Taihu Lake basin.
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