21 世纪以来，生产性服务业因在推动城市经济增长中具有愈发重要的作用，故其在城市内部的区位选择业已引起经济学、地理学领域的广泛关注；而作为一种中国特有的生产性服务业企业组织形式，建设监理企业的城市内部区位研究尚未展开。论文在分析建设监理企业生产链特点的基础上，结合生产性服务业相关区位理论，探究了建设监理企业城市内部区位选择的集聚取向及形成机制，并以西安市内建设监理企业区位选择的实例对理论分析观点进行验证。借助空间自相关分析方法在Geoda 软件平台上检验了2000 年至2011 年该市街区尺度上企业数量的聚散过程，解析其特定区位格局的形成是受制于何种预期的理论机制。研究表明：① 在城市内部特定空间上集聚是建设监理企业城市区位选择的基本特征；② 即时接触关键人员、获取地方化经济、追逐制度政策优惠等三方面的需要是引起建设监理企业区位集聚的主要作用力；③ 在西安的实例研究中由企业间协作或效仿的需要主导的区位集聚类型与由开发区规划导向带来的区位集聚类型形成了鲜明的对比。
Since the 21st century, many studies on the location selection of producer services within cities have already been issued by economists and geographers because of their great impetus to the urban economic growth and urban spatial structure transformation. However, there is still little academic progress in the urban location selection of the construction supervision enterprises (CSEs) at the moment. Therefore, this paper theoretically discussed the location selection of CSEs within cities and presented its agglomeration orientation and formation mechanism through analyzing the production chain of CSEs, as well as consulting the published literature about the urban location of producer services. What's more, a case study of the location selection of CSEs in Xi'an is employed to test and verify the theoretical achievement above. The increasing and concentrating process of CSEs at block scale in Xi'an from 2000 to 2011 is depicted and inspected with the help of ESDA method and Geoda software, while the location pattern of CSEs in Xi'an is explained according to the agglomeration mechanism. The conclusions of this paper indicate that: (1) Spatial agglomeration is the basic characteristic of the location selection of CSEs within cities; (2) Immediate contact to key person, localization economy among construction technical service enterprises, and favorable policies are the crucial reasons for which the CSEs attempt to locate together at some special blocks of a city. (3) The location agglomeration pattern of CSEs mainly based on the cooperation and imitation among construction technical service enterprises is obviously different from the pattern guided by the development zone planning in the case study.
[1] 吕卫国, 陈雯. 制造业企业区位选择与南京城市空间重构. 地理学报, 2009, 64(2): 142-152.
[2] 周春山. 城市空间结构与形态. 北京: 科学出版社, 2007.
[3] Illeris S. The Service Economy: A Geography Approach. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
[4] Boiteux-Orain C, Guillain R. Changes in the intra metropolitan location of producer services in lle-de-France (1978-1997): Do information technologies promote a more dispersed spatial pattern? Urban Geography, 2004, 25(6): 550-578.
[5] Coffey W J. The geographies of producer services. Urban Geography, 2000, 21 (2):170-183.
[6] 陈殷, 李金勇. 生产性服务业区位模式及影响机制研究. 上海经济研究, 2004, (7): 52-57.
[7] 李普峰, 李同升. 西安市生产性服务业空间格局及其机制分析. 城市发展研究, 2009, 16(3): 87-91.
[8] 祁新华, 朱宇, 张抚秀, 等. 企业区位特征、影响因素及其城镇化效应: 基于中国东南沿海地区的实证研究. 地理科 学, 2010, 30(2): 220-228.
[9] 齐晓迪, 曾菊新. 武汉市食品连锁企业区位选择研究: 以武汉双汇连锁公司的发展为例. 经济地理, 2006, 26(1): 66-69.
[10] 千庆兰, 陈颖彪, 李雁, 等. 广州市物流企业空间布局特征及其影响因素. 地理研究, 2011, 30(7): 1254-1261.
[11] 林彰平, 阎小培. 转型期广州市金融服务业的空间格局变动. 地理学报, 2006, 61(8): 818-828.
[12] 黄江, 胡晓鸣. 创意产业企业空间分布研究: 以杭州市为例. 经济地理, 2011, 31(11): 1851-1856.
[13] 贺灿飞, 梁进社, 张华. 北京市外资制造企业的区位分析. 地理学报, 2005, 60(1): 122-130.
[14] 楚波, 梁进社. 基于OPM模型的北京制造业区位因子的影响分析. 地理研究, 2007, 26(4): 723-734.
[15] 袁丰, 魏也华, 陈雯, 等. 苏州市区信息通讯企业空间集聚与新企业选址. 地理学报, 2010, 65(2): 1-11.
[16] 刘光忱. 建设工程监理概论. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2008.
[17] 尹贻林, 张勇毅. 中国工程咨询业的发展与演进. 土木工程学报, 2005, 38(10): 129-133.
[18] 王川, 任宏. 建设监理行业可持续发展问题及对策探讨. 重庆建筑大学学报, 2007, 29(3): 145-148.
[19] 冯海华, 甄峰, 刘慧, 等. 城市生产性服务业空间分布研究: 以南京为例. 世界地理研究, 2008, 17(1): 25-30.
[20] 邱灵, 申玉铭, 任旺兵. 国内外生产性服务业与制造业互动发展的研究进展. 世界地理研究, 2007, 16(3): 71-77.
[21] Keeble D, Nacham L. Why do business service firms cluster? Small consultancies, clustering and decentralization in London and Southern England. Transaction of the Institute of British Geographers, 2002, 27(1): 67-90.
[22] 赵群毅, 谢从朴, 王茂军, 等. 北京都市区生产者服务业地域结构. 地理研究, 2009, 28(5): 1402-1412.
[23] 李小建. 公司地理论. 修订版. 北京: 科学出版社, 2002.
[24] Krugman P. Geography and Trade. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991.
[25] 申玉铭, 吴康, 任旺兵. 国内外生产性服务业空间集聚的研究进展. 地理研究, 2009, 28(6): 1494-1507.
[26] Hertog P D. Knowledge intensive business services as co producers of innovation. International Journal of Innovation Management, 2000, 4(4): 491-528.
[27] Coffey W J, Drolet R, Polese M. The Intra metropolitan location of high order services: Patterns, factors, and mobility in Montreal. Papers in Regional Sciences, 1996, 75(3): 293-323.
[28] Paul A Samuelson, William D Nordhaus, 曹祖平, 等译. 经济学学习指南. 北京: 华夏出版社, 2000.
[29] Stein R. Producer services, transaction activities and cities: Rethinking occupational categories in economic geography. European Planning Studies, 2002, 10(6): 723-743.
[30] 薛东前, 石宁, 公晓晓. 西安市生产者服务业空间布局特征与集聚模式研究. 地理科学, 2011, 31(10): 1195-1201.
[31] 刘青, 李贵才, 仝德, 等. 基于ESDA 的深圳市高新技术企业空间格局及影响因素. 经济地理, 2011, 31(6): 926-933.
[32] Anselin L. Local indicators of spatial association-LISA. Geographical Analysis, 1995, 27(2): 93-115.
